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Health hazards caused by particulate matter and ozone have been reported for the past three decades. Here, we report the hazard quotient for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) causing non\u2010carcinogenic risk globally using chemistry\u2010climate model simulations. We report hazard quotient (HQ) for three scenarios: (a) baseline scenario, (b) continued increasing emissions leading to doubling of anthropogenic VOCs (DVOCS), and (c) mitigation scenarios where emissions are reduced to half (HalfVOCS). Interestingly, we report that long\u2010term ambient exposure to VOCs increases non\u2010carcinogenic health risk by up to 36% in the high\u2010emission scenario. Hazardous VOCs such as benzene, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and acetonitrile remain at levels that pose chronic risks to large populations. Benzene and formaldehyde pose the greatest hazards, with maximum HQ ranging from 1.4 to 2.0. Additionally, the DVOCS scenario increases the risk to the exposed population by 18.6%\u201321.5% in northern India and eastern China, and by 10.7% in West\u2010Central Africa. Conversely, the HalfVOCS scenario shows a decrease in the exposed population of \u22123 to \u221221%. We estimate that approximately a million people face chronic respiratory and neurological risks from current ambient VOCs levels. Our findings demonstrate that VOCs exposure constitutes a major driver of the global disease burden, necessitating immediate international emission\u2010reduction strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2026gh001910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:35:03Z","timestamp":1791012903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Health Hazards From Human\u2010Derived Volatile Organic Compounds Amid Emission Variability"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annada","family":"Padhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Ministry of Earth Sciences  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvarna","family":"Fadnavis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Ministry of Earth Sciences  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9311-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew Koll","family":"Roxy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Ministry of Earth Sciences  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010025\u201002442\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.8b00360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047785\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803222115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","unstructured":"California EPA. 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