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This study quantified the relationship between heat\u2010related illness and multiple dimensions of greenspace morphology using an 8\u2010year (2016\u20132023) unbalanced panel data set comprising 19,021 block\u2010group\u2013year observations across 2,427 census block groups in Arizona, USA. One meter high\u2010resolution National Agricultural Imagery Program aerial imagery was classified to calculate greenspace percentage, number of greenspaces, average size, shape complexity, connectedness, and distantness, at the block group level. We applied conditional spatial autoregressive models with a negative binomial distribution to estimate associations between each morphology metric and yearly heat\u2010related illness counts, adjusting for sociodemographic and geographic covariates. Additional sensitivity analyses evaluated the robustness of findings to overall greenspace amount, local climatic conditions, and alternative exposure specifications. We found higher greenspace percentage, aggregation, shape complexity, connectedness, and density were consistently associated with lower heat\u2010related illness risk. A one\u2013standard deviation increases in shape complexity corresponded to a 12.4% decrease in expected heat\u2010related illness counts (IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.876, 95% CI: 0.834\u20130.921). Similarly, increases in greenspace percentage (14.6% decrease; IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.855, 95% CI: 0.827\u20130.885), number of greenspace patches (3.7% decrease; IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.963, 95% CI: 0.937\u20130.990), average size (4.5% decrease; IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.955, 95% CI: 0.923\u20130.989), and connectedness (5.5% decrease; IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.945, 95% CI: 0.918\u20130.972) were all protective. In contrast, larger inter\u2010greenspace distances were associated with increased heat\u2010related illness risk (6.1% increase; IRR\u00a0=\u00a01.061, 95% CI: 1.033\u20131.091). These associations were generally robust to additional adjustment for local climatic conditions and overall greenspace area. Our findings highlight the critical importance of multiple dimensions of greenspace morphology in relation to heat\u2010related health risks. These results suggest that heat\u2010reduction planning with greening initiatives should consider not only the amount of greenspace but also its spatial configuration to maximize cooling and result in health benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2026gh001978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:02:51Z","timestamp":1789801371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond Green Cover: Links Between Greenspace Morphology, Configuration, and Heat\u2010Related Illness in Arizona"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture Planning &amp; Landscape Architecture The University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mel &amp; Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health The University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture Planning &amp; Landscape Architecture The University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacey","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mel &amp; Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health The University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Heat\u2010Caused & heat\u2010related deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat in Arizona: 2013\u20132024","author":"Arizona Department of Health Services","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Health Services. 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