{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T15:35:48Z","timestamp":1717601748731},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]],"date-time":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":865123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geophysical Research Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Observations of linearly increasing (e.g., SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>) and periodically varying (e.g., H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O + 2CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) long\u2010lived tracers in the lower stratosphere provide independent constraints on theories of transport in the region. Taken together, these data allow separation of the roles of diffusion (with coefficient <jats:italic>K<jats:sub>\u03b8<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) and advection (at rate <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>) through isentropic surfaces, and mixing of extra\u2010tropical air into the tropics (with relaxation time \u03c4). Using a one\u2010dimensional diffusive\u2010advective model of the tropical stratosphere, which allows relaxation of mixing ratios to extra\u2010tropical values, we obtain solutions for periodic and linear tracers. Fitting the solutions to observations yields <jats:italic>K<jats:sub>\u03b8<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> \u2248 0.3 K\u00b2\/day (<jats:italic>K<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> \u2248 0.01 m\u00b2\/s), \u03c4 \u2248 1.3 years, and <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> \u2248 0.5 K\/day ( \n). These values produce profiles for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in reasonable agreement with aircraft observations. However, a large range of <jats:italic>K<jats:sub>\u03b8<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> results in equally good agreement, although \u03c4 and <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> are more tightly constrained. In the lower tropical stratosphere, vertical diffusion appears to play little role in transporting tracer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/97gl01289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,4]],"date-time":"2004-02-04T03:24:26Z","timestamp":1075865066000},"page":"1383-1386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Tracer transport in the tropical stratosphere due to vertical diffusion and horizontal mixing"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darryn","family":"Waugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL01985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5291.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL02283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96GL00244"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL00523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD03192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00425-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD00335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL01234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","article-title":"Seasonal cycles and QBO variations in stratospheric CH4 and H2O observed in UARS HALOE data","author":"Randel W. 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