{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:29:20Z","timestamp":1783632560423,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9898,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radio Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Analysis of very long baseline interferometry data indicates that systematic errors in prior estimates of baseline length, of order 5 cm for \u223c 8000\u2010km baselines, were due primarily to mismodeling of the electrical path length of the troposphere and mesosphere (\u201catmospheric delay\u201d). Here we discuss observational evidence for the existence of such errors in the previously used models for the atmospheric delay and develop a new \u201cmapping\u201d function for the elevation angle dependence of this delay. The delay predicted by this new mapping function differs from ray trace results by less than \u223c 5 mm, at all elevations down to 5\u00b0 elevation, and introduces errors into the estimates of baseline length of \u2272 1 cm, for the multistation intercontinental experiment analyzed here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/rs020i006p01593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T15:19:37Z","timestamp":1202311177000},"page":"1593-1607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1081,"title":["Geodesy by radio interferometry: Effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. A.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. I.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E. E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Elgered","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bean B. R. B. A.Cahoon C. A.Samson G. D.Thayer A World Atlas of Atmospheric Radio Refractivity ESSA Monogr. 1 U. S. Government Printing Office Washington D. C. 1966.","DOI":"10.1002\/rds1966191113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Berman A. L. The prediction of zenith refraction from surface measurements of meteorological parametersRep. JPL TR 32\u20101602Calif. Inst. of Technol. Jet Propul. Lab. Pasadena Calif. 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1702178"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB083iB04p01825"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JD089iD02p02616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Principles of Optics","author":"Born M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"631","article-title":"On the index of refraction of air, the absorption and dispersion of centimeter waves by gasses","author":"Boudouris G.","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Chao C. C. A model for tropospheric calibration from daily surface and radiosonde balloon measurements Tech. Memo Calif. Inst. Technol. Jet Propul. Lab391\u2010350 17 1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.1985.289433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"B\u20101","volume-title":"Handbook of Chemistry and Physics","author":"CRC Press","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Fanselow J. L. Observation model and parameter partials for the JPL VLBL parameter estimation software \u201cMASTERFITV1.0 \u201d JPL Publ. 83\u201039 54 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics","author":"Fleagle R. G.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.16.002427"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-940033-70-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS017i005p01251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JC074i018p04487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS007i002p00223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.6.000051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Resch G. M. Inversion algorithm for water vapor radiometers operating at 20.7 and 31.4 GHzJPL TDA Progr. Rep. 42\u201076Calif. Inst. of Technol. Jet Propul. Lab. Pasadena Calif. 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45583-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Robertson D. S. Geodetic and astrometric measurement with very\u2010long\u2010baseline interferometry Ph.D. thesis 186 pp. Mass. Inst. of Technol. Cambridge 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7807-2_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GM015p0247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Smith O. E. W. M.McMurray H. L.Crutcher Cross sections of temperature pressure and density near the 80th meridian westRep. NASA TND\u20101641 1963."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS009i010p00803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"The Theory of Electric and Magnetic Susceptibilities","author":"Van Vleck J. H.","year":"1965"}],"container-title":["Radio Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2FRS020i006p01593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/RS020i006p01593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T06:42:53Z","timestamp":1695451373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/RS020i006p01593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/RS020i006p01593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/rs020i006p01593","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-6604","1944-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-6604","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]}}}