{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:06:07Z","timestamp":1774361167514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Biogeochemical Cycles"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the first published time series of burned area maps of Africa, covering an 8 year period, 1981\u20131983 and 1985\u20131991. These maps were derived from the analysis of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) global area coverage (GAC) images at 5 km resolution. The burned area maps for the period 1985\u20131991 were used with biomass density and burning efficiency figures, to estimate the quantity of burned biomass during this 6 year period. Emission factors were further used to estimate the trace gas and aerosol emissions produced by vegetation fires. Biomass density was estimated based on values found in the literature and on the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as derived from the remote sensing images. Burning efficiency was assessed with a dryness index that was based on the relative greenness index (RGI), also derived from the NDVI. Average emission factors were retrieved from the literature. The uncertainties in the burned area, biomass density, combustion efficiency, and emission factors were considered, with a total error of 51% for the burned biomass and 58% for the emission estimates. The results obtained for the burned biomass in Africa were compared with other values found in the literature and showed values lower by a factor of 1.1\u20133.3. The annual burned biomass from vegetation fires in Africa on average was estimated between 704 and 2168 Tg . In the same way, the atmospheric emissions on average ranges are as follows: CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(990\u20133726 Tg), CO (40\u2013151 Tg), CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(1.2\u20134.4 Tg), NOx (2.8\u201310.6 Tg), and PM (&lt; 2.5 \u03bcm) (3.3\u201312.4Tg).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/1999gb900042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]],"date-time":"2002-09-17T18:13:16Z","timestamp":1032286396000},"page":"933-950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":256,"title":["An assessment of vegetation fire in Africa (1981\u20131991): Burned areas, burned biomass, and atmospheric emissions"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paulo Marinho","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Stroppiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marie","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Cardoso Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Estimating temporal dynamics of fuel moisture content of Mediterranean species from NOAA\u2010AVHRR data","volume":"4","author":"Alonso M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"EARSeL Adv. in Remote Sens."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Fire in Southern African Savannas. 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