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Eight of forty\u2010one optical\/temperature profiles contain hydrothermal plume characteristics that indicate firm evidence for two active vent sites and tentative evidence for as many as three others. Fossil hydrothermal material was recovered in 6 of the 38 dredge hauls and includes an occurrence of partially oxidized sulfide breccias, four deposits ofsepiolite and silica, as well as Mn\u2010oxide and nontronite cemented breccias. The massive sulfide deposit likely developed during mixing of upwelling hot fluids with cold seawater within a shallow permeable fault breccia along a deep\u2010seated normal fault bounding the southern rift valley wall. Silica and sepiolite deposits were found mostly on the rift valley walls and likely formed during low\u2010 to moderate\u2010temperature ultramafic\u2010hosted hydrothermal activity. The abundance of hydrothermal material and the frequency of localized hydrothermal activity is remarkable because the mantle upwelling and magma supply rates, and hence the magmatic heat input, along this section of the SWIR are lower than on any other explored segment of the global mid\u2010ocean ridge system. This observation suggests that high mantle upwelling and magma supply rates are not required to drive mid\u2010ocean ridge hydrothermal systems and that a close relationship between magmatic heat input and hydrothermal activity may not be established at the ultra\u2010slow end of the ridge spreading spectrum. The frequency and distribution of hydrothermal activity in the study area may reflect a largely tectonic control on fluid circulation, with hydrothermal vent sites being preferentially associated with long\u2010lived faults that provide fluid pathways. Our results suggest the contribution of magma\u2010starved ridge segments to the global ocean\u2010lithosphere geochemical budget is potentially much larger than previously thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2001gc000279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,27]],"date-time":"2002-10-27T18:39:25Z","timestamp":1035743965000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Discovery of ancient and active hydrothermal systems along the ultra\u2010slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge 10\u00b0\u201316\u00b0E"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta  1\u201326 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J. B.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle Washington 98115\u20106349 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(88)90116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Oxygen\u2010isotope constraints on serpentinization processes in ultramafic rocks from the Mid\u2010Atlantic Ridge (23\u00b0N)","volume":"153","author":"Agrinier P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. 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