{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:33:19Z","timestamp":1762374799076,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"D16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]],"date-time":"2003-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Using monthly means for 1990\u20131999, we assess the systematic biases in temperature and humidity and the surface energy and water budgets of both European Centre for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40\u2010year reanalysis (ERA\u201040) and the of the NASA Data Assimilation Office atmospheric finite\u2010volume general circulation model (fvGCM) for five Mississippi subbasins. We compare ERA\u201040 and the fvGCM with basin averages of surface observations of temperature, humidity and precipitation, the river basin estimates for the hydrological balance from <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgrd10337-bib-0013\"><jats:italic>Maurer et al.<\/jats:italic> [2002]<\/jats:ext-link>, and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) retrieved skin temperature and surface radiation fluxes. We show the role of the soil water analysis in ERA\u201040, which generally supplies water in summer and removes it in winter and spring. The ERA\u201040 snow analysis increments are a significant contribution to the (smaller) frozen water budget. Compared with National Climate Data Center (NCDC) observations of screen temperature, ERA\u201040 generally has a relatively small (\u22641 K) positive temperature bias in all seasons for the Mississippi basins, while the fvGCM has a large cold bias in temperature in winter. The ISCCP skin temperature estimate is generally high in winter and a little low in summer, compared to ERA\u201040 and the NCDC screen level temperature. For the western basins, summer precipitation is high in the fvGCM, while for the eastern basins it is high in ERA\u201040 (in 12\u201324 hour forecasts after spin\u2010up). Summer evaporation is higher in the fvGCM than in ERA\u201040, while winter evaporation has a high bias in ERA\u201040, leading to a corresponding high bias in specific humidity. Net shortwave radiation probably has a high bias in the fvGCM in summer. The seasonal cycle of incoming shortwave is much flatter in ERA\u201040 than the ISCCP data, suggesting that the reanalysis may have too much reflective cloud in summer and too little in the cooler seasons. The temperature biases at the surface in both the fvGCM and the ISCCP data clearly have a negative impact on the surface long\u2010wave radiation fluxes, although the bias in the net long\u2010wave flux is rather less.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2002jd003127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,28]],"date-time":"2003-07-28T08:16:03Z","timestamp":1059380163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Intercomparison of water and energy budgets for five Mississippi subbasins between ECMWF reanalysis (ERA\u201040) and NASA Data Assimilation Office fvGCM for 1990\u20131999"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Alan K.","family":"Betts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Research  Pittsford Vermont USA"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Research  Pittsford Vermont USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bosilovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt Maryland USA"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Viterbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts  Reading UK"}]},{"given":"Yuanchong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University  New York USA"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Rossow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies  New York New York USA"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1996)124<0362:TAROTU>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1998)011<2881:SEAWBF>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900056"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1525-7541(2003)004<1194:EOTESW>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1998)011<1307:TLSCOT>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2000)128<1733:EOTOIA>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712656607"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD03478"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712354214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1996)124<2046:MFFSLT>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1525-7541(2000)001<0183:AGYBLS>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900828"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<3237:ALTHBD>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<1875:TSDLRI>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<0257:AOTEMC>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1525-7541(2000)001<0088:NNAERS>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1997)054<1776:GSGEB>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD01166"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1999)080<2261:AIUCFI>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD02746"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2003)016<1739:SRITTA>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1996)009<0706:ARLSPF>2.0.CO;2"},{"unstructured":"Simmons A. J. andJ. K.Gibson The ERA\u201040 Project plan ERA\u201040 Proj. Rep. Ser. 1 63 pp. Eur. Cent. for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts Reading UK 2000.","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1993)121<3040:ROCILS>2.0.CO;2"},{"unstructured":"B. J. J. M. van den Hurk P. Viterbo A. C. M. Beljaars A. K. Betts 2000 Eur. Cent. for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts Reading UK","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002846"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JD200076"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712555904"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","DOI":"10.1080\/07055900.1995.9649539"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD02747"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2002JD003127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2002JD003127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1697255362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2002JD003127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"D16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2002JD003127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2002jd003127","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0227"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0227"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]]},"article-number":"2002JD003127"}}