{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:08:59Z","timestamp":1772942939431,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,12]],"date-time":"2005-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1113264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geochem Geophys Geosyst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present new annually resolved \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O, \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C, Mg\/Ca, and Sr\/Ca ratio records for two shells of the fast growing Mediterranean fan mussel <jats:italic>Pinna nobilis<\/jats:italic>, collected from proximal Spanish coast sea grass meadows. The relationship between the potential geochemical proxies and ontogenetic and environmental controlling factors is investigated. Specifically, the use of shell Mg\/Ca and Sr\/Ca ratios as potential calcification temperature proxies, the latter calculated from measured shell \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O values, has been assessed. The \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O cycles along the growth axis indicate that our <jats:italic>P. nobilis<\/jats:italic> specimens are \u223c10.5 and \u223c4.5 years old. Shell Sr\/Ca ratios do not exhibit any consistent interannual cyclicity and are not correlated to temperature. A subtle ontogenetic effect on shell Mg\/Ca ratios was observed during the first 4.5 years of recorded growth but was highly evident during the organism's later growth years. In <jats:italic>P. nobilis<\/jats:italic> shells, different mechanisms influence ontogenetic variation in shell Mg\/Ca and \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O records. Shell Mg\/Ca ratios from the first 4.5 years of growth correlate significantly to temperature, in a best fit relationship described by the equation Mg\/Ca = 17.16 \u00b1 1.95 * exp(0.022 \u00b1 0.004 * T). <jats:italic>P. nobilis<\/jats:italic> shell Mg\/Ca records therefore are a valid temperature proxy only during an early growth phase. For the same range of temperatures, shell Mg\/Ca ratios in <jats:italic>P. nobilis<\/jats:italic> are approximately 1\/3 lower than those reported for inorganic calcite but 3 to 4 times higher than in another bivalve species, <jats:italic>Mytilus trossulus<\/jats:italic>, and 4 to 16 times higher than in foraminifera. We suggest these offsets are due to a higher degree of similarity between seawater and calcification\u2010fluid composition in <jats:italic>P. nobilis<\/jats:italic> than in other bivalves and foraminifera. The observed shell Mg\/Ca ratio change per \u00b0C of 2.2% also is lower than that observed for inorganic and other biogenic calcites. Our findings strongly support taxon\u2010 and species\u2010specific Mg\/Ca\u2013temperature relationships for bivalves and other calcifying organisms. An appreciation of the physiology and calcification mechanisms of any biogenic carbonate archive therefore is paramount prior to the application of stable\u2010isotope and element\/Ca ratio proxies for paleotemperature reconstructions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2004gc000872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,11]],"date-time":"2005-04-11T21:31:33Z","timestamp":1113255093000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Mg\/Ca, Sr\/Ca, and stable\u2010isotope (\u03b4<sup>18<\/sup>O and \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) ratio profiles from the fan mussel <i>Pinna nobilis<\/i>: Seasonal records and temperature relationships"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales Bangor, Menai Bridge  Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB UK"},{"name":"Departamento de Geologia Marinha INETI  Apartado 7586, 2721\u2010866 Alfragide Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leon J.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales Bangor, Menai Bridge  Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB UK"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales Bangor, Menai Bridge  Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB UK"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales Bangor, Menai Bridge  Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB UK"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia Marinha INETI  Apartado 7586, 2721\u2010866 Alfragide Portugal"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98PA00120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1983)11<655:STCATD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1540180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4995-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5228.1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GC000169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(96)00105-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GC000425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(53)90051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1953)64[1315:RCITS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"The molluscan periostracum: An important constraint in bivalve evolution","volume":"40","author":"Harper E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(99)00120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"G. 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