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Results of a detailed study of core MD01\u20102443 from the Iberian margin suggest that sea surface conditions during stage 11 were not significantly different from those observed during the elapsed portion of the Holocene. Peak interglacial conditions during stage 11 lasted nearly 18 kyr, indicating a Holocene unperturbed by human activity might last an additional 6\u20137 kyr. A comparison of sea surface temperatures (SST) derived from planktonic foraminifera for all interglacial intervals of the last million years reveals that warm temperatures during peak interglacials MIS 1, 5e, and 11 were higher on the Iberian margin than during substage 7e and most of 9e. The SST results are supported by heavier \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O values, particularly during 7e, indicating colder SSTs and a larger residual ice volume. Benthic \u03b4<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C results provide evidence of a strong influence of North Atlantic Deep Water at greater depths than present during MIS 11. The progressive ocean climate deterioration into the following glaciation is associated with an increase in local upwelling intensity, interspersed by periodic cold episodes due to ice\u2010rafting events occurring in the North Atlantic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2004pa001091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,30]],"date-time":"2005-08-30T13:44:29Z","timestamp":1125409469000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Ocean climate variability in the eastern North Atlantic during interglacial marine isotope stage 11: A partial analogue to the Holocene?"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"de Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Godwin Laboratory University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Departamento de Geologia Marinha Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o  Alfragide Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima F.","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia Marinha Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o  Alfragide Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Shackleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Godwin Laboratory University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}]},{"given":"Polychronis C.","family":"Tzedakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Godwin Laboratory University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Earth and Biosphere Institute, Department of Geography University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}]},{"given":"Jerry F.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}]},{"given":"Delia W.","family":"Oppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Godwin Laboratory University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Paleoceanographic conditions along the Portuguese Margin during the last 30 ka: A multiple proxy study","volume":"88","author":"Abrantes F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comun. 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