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The modeling work makes use of new data from two extensive measurement campaigns in Europe, those of the CARBOSOL project and of the EMEP EC\/OC campaign. As well as EC and OC measurements, we are able to compare with levoglucosan, a tracer of wood\u2010burning emissions, and with the source apportionment (SA) analysis of Gelencs\u00e9r et al. (2007), which apportioned TC into primary versus secondary and fossil fuel versus biogenic origin. The model results suggest that emissions of primary EC and OC from fossil fuel sources are probably captured to better than a factor of two at most sites. Discrepancies for wintertime OC at some sites can likely be accounted for in terms of missing wood\u2010burning contributions. Two schemes for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contribution are included in the model, and we show that model results for TC are very sensitive to the choice of scheme. In northern Europe the model seems to capture TC levels rather well with either SOA scheme, but in southern Europe the model strongly underpredicts TC. Comparison against the SA results shows severe underprediction of the SOA components. This modeling work confirms the difficulties of modeling SOA in Europe, but shows that primary emissions constitute a significant fraction of ambient TC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2006jd008158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,21]],"date-time":"2007-08-21T20:02:45Z","timestamp":1187726565000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Modeling carbonaceous aerosol over Europe: Analysis of the CARBOSOL and EMEP EC\/OC campaigns"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Radio and Space Science Chalmers University of Technology  Gothenburg Sweden"}]},{"given":"K. 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