{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T22:55:36Z","timestamp":1775861736367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"D23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,5]],"date-time":"2007-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With a newly developed method based on the combination of two separation steps (by polarity and by acidity) with a universal detector for organic carbon, efficient isolation of humic\u2010like substances (HULIS) from the matrix and quantitative determination of the isolated organic carbon is achieved. This new method was applied to determine the water extractable (HULIS<jats:sub>WS<\/jats:sub>) and, in sequence, the 0.1 M NaOH alkaline extractable HULIS (HULIS<jats:sub>AS<\/jats:sub>) fractions in aerosol from six sites situated at a transect from west to east across Europe. The sum of the two HULIS fractions is here defined as total HULIS (HULIS<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>). The lowest 12\u2010month average concentrations of HULIS<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> ranged from 0.075 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>gC\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> the Azores (Portugal) to 1.7 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>gC\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> at the continental background site K\u2010puszta (Hungary). On the continent, the HULIS<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> concentration decreases exponentially with elevation. The relative amounts of water extractable and alkaline soluble HULIS were relatively similar at the six sites. Dramatic differences were observed for the seasonal variations of the HULIS fractions at the different sites. At the Azores, as well as at the higher mountain sites (1450 and 3100 m), a summer maximum of the HULIS<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> concentration was observed, while at the continental low\u2010level sites (Aveiro and K\u2010puszta), winter maxima dominated the seasonal variation. The summer\/winter ratio of the HULIS<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> concentration varied from 7.1 at Sonnblick to 0.36 at Aveiro. The seasonal variation at the two continental lower\u2010level sites with winter maxima might be explained by overlapping of a weaker summer source and a stronger winter source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2006jd008331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]],"date-time":"2007-10-04T20:18:56Z","timestamp":1191529136000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Determination of water and alkaline extractable atmospheric humic\u2010like substances with the TU Vienna HULIS analyzer in samples from six background sites in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Feczko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Puxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kasper\u2010Giebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Handler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Limbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology  Vienna Austria"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gelencs\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Chemistry Group at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences University of Pannonia  Veszpr\u00e9m Hungary"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Ambiente e Ordenamento University of Aveiro  Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Preunkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics of the Environment Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique  Saint Martin d'H\u00e8res France"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Legrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Glaciology and Geophysics of the Environment Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique  Saint Martin d'H\u00e8res France"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Elemental analysis of isolated fulvic acids from different origin","volume":"75","author":"Abbt\u2010Braun G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vom Wasser"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(94)90072-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac010331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(96)00167-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00509-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45758"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(92)90087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","series-title":"Atmos. and Oceanogr. Ser. Libr.","author":"Gelencs\u00e9r A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8095(00)00042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006402731340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Handler M.(2003) Development of an analysis method to determine humic\u2010like substances in atmospheric aerosol by means of solid phase extraction connected with carbon\u2010 fluorescence\u2010 and UV\u2010detection (in German) diploma thesis Vienna Univ. of Technol. Vienna."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005875225800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02467443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(94)80025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(97)00031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Kenesey E.(2002) Assessment of a novel detector for the determination of humic substances in aerosols diploma thesis Vienna Univ. of Technol. Vienna."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00211-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010637003083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00429-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac050953l"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es000076v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00451-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991034d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(96)00125-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"Humus Chemistry","author":"Stevenson F. J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00015-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(01)00446-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00362-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2006JD008331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2006JD008331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:06:53Z","timestamp":1697130413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2006JD008331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"D23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2006JD008331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006jd008331","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,5]]},"article-number":"2006JD008331"}}