{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:17:36Z","timestamp":1791119856110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,27]],"date-time":"2008-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geochem Geophys Geosyst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatial density of hydrothermal activity along most mid\u2010ocean ridges is a robust linear function of spreading rate (or magmatic budget), but extreme crustal properties may alter this relationship. In 2005\u20132006 we tested the effect of thickened crust on hydrothermal activity using high\u2010resolution mapping of plumes overlying the hot spot\u2013affected Gal\u00e1pagos Spreading Center from 95\u00b0 to 89\u00b042\u2032W (\u223c560 km of ridge crest). Plume mapping discovered only two active, high\u2010temperature vent fields, subsequently confirmed by camera tows, though strong plume evidence indicated minor venting from at least six other locations. Total plume incidence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>), the fraction of ridge crest overlain by significant plumes, was 0.11 \u00b1 0.014, about half that expected for a non\u2013hot spot mid\u2010ocean ridge with a similar magmatic budget. Plume distributions on the Gal\u00e1pagos Spreading Center were uncorrelated with abrupt variations in the depth of the along\u2010axis melt lens, so these variations are apparently not controlled by hydrothermal cooling differences. We also found no statistical difference (for a significance level of 0.05) in plume incidence between where the seismically imaged melt lens is shallow (2 \u00b1 0.56 km, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.108 \u00b1 0.045) and where it is deep (3.4 \u00b1 0.7 km, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.121 \u00b1 0.015). The Gal\u00e1pagos Spreading Center thus joins mid\u2010ocean ridges near the Iceland (Reykjanes Ridge), St. Paul\u2010Amsterdam (South East Indian Ridge), and Ascension (Mid\u2010Atlantic Ridge) hot spots as locations of anomalously scarce high\u2010temperature venting. This scarcity implies that convective cooling along hot spot\u2013affected ridge sections occurs primarily by undetected diffuse flow or is permanently or episodically reduced compared to normal mid\u2010ocean ridges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2008gc002028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T20:00:31Z","timestamp":1222459231000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["High\u2010resolution surveys along the hot spot\u2013affected Gal\u00e1pagos Spreading Center: 1. Distribution of hydrothermal activity"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory NOAA  7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle Washington 98115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Haymon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California 93106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Resing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory NOAA  7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle Washington 98115 USA"},{"name":"Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina 29205 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory NOAA  7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle Washington 98115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken C.","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California 93106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko\u2010ichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 7  Higashi 1\u20101\u20101, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305\u20108567 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5064.1645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","series-title":"Geophys. Monogr. Ser.","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Mid\u2010Ocean Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans","author":"Baker E. T.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB02671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"MAPR: A new instrument for hydrothermal plume mapping","volume":"8","author":"Baker E. T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"RIDGE Events"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JB003066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB001172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(02)00843\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009\u20102541(00)00244\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92GL00161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(04)00099\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(98)00141\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.203.4385.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(02)01048\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL02118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB02649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GC000350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005EO220001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2005.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2007.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(98)00093\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012\u2010821X(94)90098\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012\u2010821X(95)00224\u2010Z"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","article-title":"Hydrothermal activity on the southern Mid\u2010Atlantic Ridge: Tectonically\u2010 and volcanically\u2010hosted high temperature venting at 2\u20137\u00b0S","volume":"86","author":"German C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Lithos Science Report April 2002","author":"Greer A. A.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","article-title":"Hydrothermal activity and volcanism on the southern Mid\u2010Atlantic Ridge","volume":"86","author":"Haase K. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GC002114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95JB02502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091\u20107613(1995)023<0657:OSCHIC>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002RG000117"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","article-title":"Hydrothermal exploration of the Mid\u2010Atlantic Ridge, 5\u201310\u00b0S, using the AUV ABE and the ROV Quest\u2014A brief overview of RV Meteor cruise M68\/1","volume":"87","author":"Koschinsky A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Lithos Science Report April 2002","author":"MacGregor L. M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967\u20100645(98)00089\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/230042a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GM106p0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2006.03.023"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","article-title":"The chemistry of hydrothermal plumes along the Gal\u00e1pagos Spreading Center","volume":"87","author":"Resing J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL03443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012\u2010821X(75)90186\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1980.0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313187a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012\u2010821X(98)00104\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u2010246X.1998.00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GC000609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1995.152.01.24"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","article-title":"Characterization of six vent fields within the Lau Basin","volume":"86","author":"Tivey M. K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","article-title":"A new tool for detecting hydrothermal plumes: An ORP sensor for the PMEL MAPR","volume":"88","author":"Walker S. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35101581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL017104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92JB01749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GC002036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/p63-094"},{"issue":"47","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","article-title":"Hydrothermal vent plume discovery and survey with an autonomous underwater vehicle","volume":"83","author":"Yoerger D. R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"}],"container-title":["Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2008GC002028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2008GC002028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T18:31:38Z","timestamp":1697135498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2008GC002028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2008GC002028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2008gc002028","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-2027","1525-2027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-2027","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-2027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"article-number":"2008GC002028"}}