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Several blocking features are modulated by solar activity, irrespective of the QBO phase, but the responses amplify under the QBO\u2010west phases. Solar activity modulates the preferred locations for blocking occurrence over both Oceans, causing local frequency responses therein. Over the Pacific Ocean high\/low solar activity induces an enhanced blocking activity over its eastern\/western part. Atlantic blocking occurrence increases for both (high\/low) solar phases, with a spatial dependent response confined to western\/eastern Atlantic. Although solar effects are negligible in blocking frequency for the entire Atlantic sector, other blocking features exhibit significant responses. Low solar Atlantic blocking episodes last longer, are located further east and become more intense than high solar blocking events. The implications of these solar\u2010related changes are discussed. Our results suggest that the excessively cold conditions recorded in Europe during the Maunder Minimum may have arisen from an eastward shift of long\u2010lasting blockings with near\u2010normal frequencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2008jd009789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T20:36:15Z","timestamp":1216758975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Solar modulation of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Barriopedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CGUL, IDL Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de la Tierra II, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura  Badajoz Spain"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de la Tierra II, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Radan","family":"Huth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Climatology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics  Praha Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2004.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1989)002<1295:ACLATE>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3678.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2004.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11200-006-0017-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023283102399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021812210921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9169(79)90045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-3237.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010004\u20100496\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010007\u20100259\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003820050230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3886.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1983)111<1567:PAOTEN>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.192.4245.1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"A study of the effect of large blocking highs on the general circulation in the northern hemisphere westerlies","volume":"6","author":"Elliot R. 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