{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1774351407774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"E9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present here methods developed for the retrieval of air temperature profiles in the Venusian mesosphere from the absolute radiances measured by the Visual and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) on board the Venus Express satellite. The infrared M channel of the instrument acquires multispectral images between 1000 and 5000 nm. In nighttime measurements, radiance in the range 3800\u20135000 nm is dominated by the thermal emission and absorption by the clouds and carbon dioxide. Since the latter is the main atmospheric component, it is possible to exploit the strong variability of its opacity in this spectral range, as resolved by the instrument, to reconstruct the vertical air temperature profile as a function of pressure. In this context we decided to adopt the Twomey et al. (1977) relaxation scheme. The resulting code was extensively tested on a set of simulated VIRTIS\u2010M data. Comparison of the known input conditions with the results of analysis code allowed us to evaluate the systematic and random errors affecting the retrievals procedures on a statistical basis. The code returns the vertical air temperature profile with an uncertainty of less than 1 K in the region between 70 and 7 mbar (66 and 77 km above the reference surface) and less than 4 K throughout the entire range 100\u20130.1 mbar (64\u201395 km). Finally, we present the first examples of the code applied to actual measured Venusian data, demonstrating its capability to achieve a satisfactory modeling of the observations and provide physically reasonable results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2008je003075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T20:00:23Z","timestamp":1222804823000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Retrieval of air temperature profiles in the Venusian mesosphere from VIRTIS\u2010M data: Description and validation of algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Grassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica  Rome Italy"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Drossart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Universit\u00e9 Paris 7, CNRS  Meudon France"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Piccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica  Rome Italy"}]},{"given":"N. I.","family":"Ignatiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}]},{"given":"L. V.","family":"Zasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Adriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica  Rome Italy"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Moriconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche  Rome Italy"}]},{"given":"P. G. J.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clarendon Laboratory, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Negr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica  Rome Italy"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019\u20101035(89)90096\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"484","volume-title":"Venus","author":"Esposito L. 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