{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:57:49Z","timestamp":1777370269530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paleoceanography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A reconstruction of Milankovitch to millennial\u2010scale variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface productivity in the Pleistocene midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean (marine isotope stage (MIS) 16\u20139) and its relationship to ice sheet instability was carried out on sediments from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1313. This reconstruction is based on alkenone and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010alkane concentrations, U<jats:sub>37<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>K<\/jats:sup>\u2032 index, total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate contents, X\u2010ray diffraction data, magnetic susceptibility, and accumulation rates. Increased input of ice\u2010rafted debris occurred during MIS 16, 12, and 10, characterized by high concentrations of dolomite, quartz, and feldspars and elevated accumulation rates of terrigenous matter. Minimum input values of terrigenous matter, on the other hand, were determined for MIS 13 and 11. Peak values of dolomite, coinciding with quartz, plagioclase, and kalifeldspar peaks and maxima in long\u2010chain <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010alkanes indicative for land plants, are interpreted as Heinrich\u2010like events related to sudden instability of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during early and late (deglacial) phases of the glacials. The coincidence of increased TOC values with elevated absolute concentrations of alkenones suggests increased glacial productivity, probably due to a more southern position of the Polar Front. Alkenone\u2010based SST reached absolute maxima of about 19\u00b0C during MIS 11.3 and absolute minima of &lt;10\u00b0C during MIS 12 and 10. Within MIS 11, prominent cooling events (MIS 11.22 and 11.24) occurred. The absolute SST minima recorded directly before and after the glacial maxima MIS 10.2 and 12.2 are related to Heinrich\u2010like event meltwater pulses, as supported by the coincidence of SST minima and maxima in C<jats:sub>37:4<\/jats:sub> alkenones and dolomite. These sudden meltwater pulses, especially during terminations IV and V, probably caused a collapse of phytoplankton productivity as indicated by the distinct drop in alkenone concentrations. Ice sheet disintegration and subsequent surges and outbursts of icebergs and meltwater discharge may have been triggered by increased insolation in the northern high latitudes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2008pa001639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]],"date-time":"2009-04-30T20:07:35Z","timestamp":1241122055000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Variability of surface water characteristics and Heinrich\u2010like events in the Pleistocene midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean: Biomarker and XRD records from IODP Site U1313 (MIS 16\u20139)"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ruediger","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research  Bremerhaven Germany"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Hefter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research  Bremerhaven Germany"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Gr\u00fctzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen University  Bremen Germany"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Geologia Marinha LNEG  Alfragide Portugal"}]},{"given":"B. 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