{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T04:09:15Z","timestamp":1760328555343,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,22]],"date-time":"2009-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geochem Geophys Geosyst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High\u2010resolution proxy data analyzed on two high\u2010sedimentation shallow water sedimentary sequences (PO287\u201026B and PO287\u201028B) recovered off Lisbon (Portugal) provide the means for comparison to long\u2010term instrumental time series of marine and atmospheric parameters (sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, total river flow, and upwelling intensity computed from sea level pressure) and the possibility to do the necessary calibration for the quantification of past climate conditions. XRF Fe is used as proxy for river flow, and the upwelling\u2010related diatom genus <jats:italic>Chaetoceros<\/jats:italic> is our upwelling proxy. SST is estimated from the coccolithophore\u2010synthesized alkenones and U<jats:sub>37<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>k\u2032<\/jats:sup> index. Comparison of the Fe record to the instrumental data reveals its similarity to a mean average run of the instrumentally measured winter (JFMA) river flow on both sites. The upwelling diatom record concurs with the upwelling indices at both sites; however, high opal dissolution, below 20\u201325 cm, prevents its use for quantitative reconstructions. Alkenone\u2010derived SST at site 28B does not show interannual variation; it has a mean value around 16\u00b0C and compares quite well with the instrumental winter\/spring temperature. At site 26B the mean SST is the same, but a high degree of interannual variability (up to 4\u00b0C) appears to be determined by summer upwelling conditions. Stepwise regression analyses of the instrumental and proxy data sets provided regressions that explain from 65 to 94% of the variability contained in the original data, and reflect spring and summer river flow, as well as summer and winter upwelling indices, substantiating the relevance of seasons to the interpretation of the different proxy signals. The lack of analogs and the small data set available do not allow quantitative reconstructions at this time, but this might be a powerful tool for reconstructing past North Atlantic Oscillation conditions, should we be able to find continuous high\u2010resolution records and overcome the analog problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2009gc002604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,21]],"date-time":"2009-09-21T20:00:23Z","timestamp":1253563223000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Proxy calibration to instrumental data set: Implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Geologia Marinha Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia  Apartado 7586, P\u20102721\u2010866 Amadora Portugal"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Geologia Marinha Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia  Apartado 7586, P\u20102721\u2010866 Amadora Portugal"},{"name":"CIMAR  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Geologia Marinha Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia  Apartado 7586, P\u20102721\u2010866 Amadora Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC  Jordi Girona, 18, E\u201008034 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Geologia Marinha Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia  Apartado 7586, P\u20102721\u2010866 Amadora Portugal"},{"name":"CIMAR  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Research Division SWFSC, NMFS, NOAA  1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove California 93950\u20102097 USA"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC  Jordi Girona, 18, E\u201008034 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climatic Research Unit University of East Anglia  Norwich NR2 4HG UK"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399\u20101784(99)80055\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2004.1004.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Bakun A.(1973) Coastal upwelling indices west coast of North America 1946\u20131971 NOAA Tech. 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