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It has been shown that at most passive margins, elastic and frictional forces exceed gravitational instability and ridge\u2010push forces, which precludes subduction initiation. Therefore additional factors are needed to start subduction there. We investigated numerically in two dimensions factors controlling passive margins' stability such as age of the oceanic plate, thickness of the continental lithosphere and crust, and density contrast between subcontinental and suboceanic lithospheric mantles. Our numerical experiments show that three subsequent tectonic regimes can develop at a passive margin: (1) stable margin, (2) overthrusting, and (3) subduction. Transition from stable margin to the overthrusting regime is mainly controlled by ductile strength of the lower continental crust. Further transition from overthrusting to the subduction regime is governed by the ductile strength of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and its chemical density contrast with the suboceanic lithospheric mantle. Our experiments also demonstrate that the age of the oceanic plate is a factor of secondary importance for subduction initiation and only plays a role if other parameters are of critical values. Favorable conditions for subduction initiation thus correspond to passive margins where chemically buoyant (depleted) continental lithosphere becomes thin and hot (Moho temperature &gt;660\u00b0C). This situation can be occasionally created by superimposed external processes such as rifting and\/or thermal\u2010chemical plume activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2009jb006549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]],"date-time":"2010-03-09T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1268168435000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Subduction initiation at passive margins: Numerical modeling"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology  Zurich Switzerland"}]},{"given":"T. V.","family":"Gerya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Geology Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}]},{"given":"F. 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