{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:26:56Z","timestamp":1778012816394,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community\u2010sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive\u2010specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom\u2010up and top\u2010down approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2019pa003632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T20:12:27Z","timestamp":1567541547000},"page":"1570-1596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7501-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Khider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5920-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Emile\u2010Geay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3598-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. P.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8465-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Garijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9381-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Ratnakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Alonso\u2010Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology University of Salamanca  Salamanca Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renard Centre of Marine Geology Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Bothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Geesthacht  Geesthacht Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tree\u2010Ring Research  Tuscon AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9027-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Bunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Washington University  Bellingham WA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8183-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-4996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Comas\u2010Bru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences University of College Dublin  Belfied Ireland"},{"name":"School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences Reading University  Reading UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7001-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Csank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of Nevada  Reno NV USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Dassi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Bordeaux University  Bordeaux France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"DeLong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge LA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Felis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARUM\u2010Center for Marine Environmental Sciences University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5465-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Francus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique  Quebec City Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1524-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Frappier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosiences, Skidmore College  Saratoga Springs NY USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE\/IPSL)  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2700-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Goring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Univerisity of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison WI USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0253-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARUM\u2010Center for Marine Environmental Sciences University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Kahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Geography University Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. M.","family":"Kehrwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center U.S. Geological Survey  Denver CO USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Martrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Spanish Council for Scientific Research  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-2282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Richey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey  St. Petersburg FL USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Schmittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2315-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Scroxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7529-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station U.S. Forest Service  Jemez Pueblo NM USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Thirumalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8403-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science University of Melbourne  Richmond Victoria Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8706-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDYTEM, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS  Chambery France"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Axford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern University  Evanston IL USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Barrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Bazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE\/IPSL)  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1544-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. E.","family":"Pilaar Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Colorado, Boulder  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3483-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Bregy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington  Bloomington IN USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0784-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Capron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8542-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Cartapanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5274-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.\u2010W.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University  Taipei City Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2125-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M.","family":"Cobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Tech  Atlanta GA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Debret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie  Mont\u2010Saint\u2010Aignan France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4547-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Dommain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Dyez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Emerick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geoci\u00eancias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Sistemas C\u00e1rsticos Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1187-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. P.","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Falster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8297-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Finsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEM, CNRS, University Montpellier  Montpellier France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shcool of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Meteorology University of Reading  Reading UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Hertzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Hibbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National University  Canberra ACT Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences University of Louisiana at Lafayette  Lafayette LA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Center University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2771-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department Purdue University  West Lafayette IN USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. L. C.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education, and Development University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Earth Science University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research  Bergen Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Jaccard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4733-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5698-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Kienast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Konecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University  St. Louis MO USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoLab UMR 5245 CNRS\u2010Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse  Toulouse France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7936-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Lyubchich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Science University of Maryland  Cambridge MD USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0120-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. F.","family":"Novello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geoci\u00eancias, Laborat\u00f3rio de Sistemas C\u00e1rsticos Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Olaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geology Department University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. W.","family":"Partin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geophysics The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoscience Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. J.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institue for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4411-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Pignol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDYTEM, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS  Chambery France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics\u2010CSE Silesian University of Technology  Gliwice Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.\u2010S.","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Geology Eastern Michigan University  Ypsilanti MI USA"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Prokopenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Geologie und Mineralogie University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Schwanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Polar e Climatico UFRGS  Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3912-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Stepanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute\u2010Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research  Bremerhaven Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. E. A.","family":"Swann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9826-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bergen University  Bergen Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Antarctic Survey  Cambridge UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2323-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science UNSW  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Truebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Parks and Trails  Benson AZ USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0425-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"von Gunten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAGES International Project Office  Bern Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1863-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Waite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANGARI Foundation  West Palm Beach FL USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Weitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0555-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble, INP, IGE  Grenoble France"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison  Madison WI USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4521-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University  Oxford UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Winstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1936-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry  Mainz Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lamont\u2010Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University  Palisades NW USA"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-10-1687-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ba\/1339616472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2011.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Bradley E. Anderson K. deVesine L. Nelson T. Soti S. Weiss I. &Yadav R.(2018) CSciBox\u2014Building age models of paleorecords Zenodo.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1245175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3959\/2010-12.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/quat2010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-10-825-2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-014-0170-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3959\/1536-1098-65.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Saving our marine archives","author":"Dassi\u00e9 E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/0471448354","volume-title":"Exploratory data mining and data cleaning","author":"Dasu T.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"DCMI Usage Board(2008).Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) metadata terms. Retrieved on August 6th 2019 athttp:\/\/dublincore.org\/documents\/dcmi\u2010terms\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Data reporting standards for publication of U\u2010series data for geochronology and timescale assessment in the earth sciences. Quat","volume":"39","author":"Dutton A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geochronometria"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"EarthCube Technology and Architecture Committee Standards Working Group: (2015)Report of the EarthCube Standards Working Group finalized 10\/05\/2015. Accessed online on 08\/13\/2018 athttps:\/\/www.earthcube.org\/document\/2015\/ecstandardsrecs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ggge.20067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Emile\u2010Geay J. Khider D. Garijo D. McKay N. P. Gil Y. Ratnakar V. &Bradley E.(2019).The Linked Earth Ontology: A modular extensible representation of open paleoclimate data Zenodo.http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.2577604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22498\/pages.24.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00334-012-0390-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8806-4_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68204-4_24"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Data and methods of climatological evaluation in historical climatology HSR","volume":"21","author":"Glaser R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Historical Social Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/195984a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Gregory J.(2003).The CF metadata standard Retrieved from http:\/\/cfconventions.org\/Data\/cf\u2010documents\/overview\/article.pdf on May 28th 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heath T. &Bizer C.(2011).Linked data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (1st edition). Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology 1:1 1\u2010136. Morgan & Claypool.","DOI":"10.2200\/S00334ED1V01Y201102WBE001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Heiser C McKay N. Emile\u2010Geay J. Khider D.(2018).LiPD\u2010utilities (Version 1.0.0). Zenodo. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.60813."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(71)90127-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dendro.2009.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-14-593-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Khider D. Emile\u2010Geay J. McKay N. P. Jackson C. &Rouston C.(2016).Testing the millennial\u2010scale Holocene solar\u2010climate connection in the Indo\u2010Pacific Warm Pool. Paper presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting San Francisco CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Khider D. &Garijo D.(2018).LinkedEarth queries edited Zenodo.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1160672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013PA002534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"Khider D. Zhu F. Hu J. &Emile\u2010Geay J.(2018).LinkedEarth\/Pyleoclim util: Pyleoclim release v0.4.0 Zenodo.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1205662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19797-0_16","volume-title":"Semantic MediaWiki. Foundations for the Web of information and services\u2014A review of 20 years of semantic Web research","author":"Kr\u00f6tzsch M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"Kucera M. Khider D. &Lisiecki L.(2013).Reporting standards for paleoceanographic\/paleoclimate data. Retrieved online fromhttp:\/\/wiki.linked.earth\/wiki\/images\/d\/d4\/Reporting_Standards_for_Paleoceanographic_PMIP3_Dec2013.docxon May 28th 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.109.2827.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014PA002713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004PA001071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Masson\u2010Delmotte V.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","unstructured":"McKay N. Emile\u2010Geay J. Heiser C. &Khider D.(2018).GeoChronR https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.60812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-12-1093-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2458\/56.17455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"National OceanographicandAtmospheric Administration(2018)PaST (Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms) Thesaurus. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/data\u2010access\/paleoclimatology\u2010data\/past\u2010thesauruson May 28th 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The use of oxalic acid as a standard, in Radiocarbon variations and absolute chronology, Nobel symposium","author":"Olsson I. U.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200033154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gdj3.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","article-title":"Enabling FAIR data across the Earth and space sciences","volume":"98","author":"Stall S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200003672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"Unidata(2019).Network Common Data Form version 4.7.0 [software]. Boulder CO: UCAR\/Unidata.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D6H70CW6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","unstructured":"W3C OWL Working Group(2012).OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition) Retrieved online on August 6th2019 athttps:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/owl2\u2010overview\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Building and harnessing open PaleoData","volume":"26","author":"Williams J. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Past Global Changes Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2007.10.008"}],"container-title":["Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2019PA003632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2019PA003632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2019PA003632","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2019PA003632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T21:46:33Z","timestamp":1694036793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2019PA003632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2019PA003632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019pa003632","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2572-4517","2572-4525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-4517","type":"print"},{"value":"2572-4525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}