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In this article, we study the temporal and spatial evolutions of the source sunspot active region and visual aurorae and compare this storm with other extreme space weather events on the basis of their auroral spatial evolution. Sunspot drawings by Schwabe, Secchi, and Carrington describe the position and morphology of the source active region at that time. Visual auroral reports from the Russian Empire, Iberia, Ireland, Oceania, and Japan fill the spatial gap of auroral visibility and revise the time series of auroral visibility in middle to low magnetic latitudes. The reconstructed time series is compared with magnetic measurements and shows the correspondence between low\u2010latitude to mid\u2010latitude aurorae and the phase of magnetic storms. The spatial evolution of the auroral oval is compared with those of other extreme space weather events in 1872, 1909, 1921, and 1989 as well as their storm intensity and contextualizes the Carrington event, as one of the most extreme space weather events, but likely not unique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2019sw002269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1567068506000},"page":"1553-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisashi","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Letters Osaka University  Toyonaka Japan"},{"name":"UK Solar System Data 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