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Although it is believed that this anomaly is linked to mantle upwellings that control key surface features of the African continent, its origin and evolution are still debated. Here we assemble geochemical and seismological constraints along with information from new seismic analyses and geodynamic laboratory experiments to propose that presently there are at least two different plume heads beneath Afar and Kenya that originated at the CMB. A third plume between Kenya and Afar may have caused the Ethiopia\u2010Yemen traps 30\u00a0Ma, now merging with the Afar plume. We infer that the Afar plume is presently detached from the CMB probably because of an interaction with the subducted Tethyan slab and that it is likely a dying plume. This may imply that rifts along the Main Ethiopian Rift would fail by the loss of thermal sources, which consequently hampers continental breakup.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2020jb019929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T17:32:32Z","timestamp":1604511152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Evolution of Mantle Plumes in East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1434-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Joon","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics Kangwon National University  Chuncheon South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7314-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elodie","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University College London  London UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Davaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire FAST, CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud  Orsay France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9492-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. 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