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The northern and central parts of the basin are characterized by a shallow shelf, while the southern part features a pit exceeding 1,200\u00a0m in depth. We conducted a series of modeling experiments over a 16\u2010year period (2000\u20132015) using different runoff configurations and different sources of atmospheric forcing to investigate the sensitivity of the Adriatic Sea circulation and hydrology to freshwater balance and heat loss. Our results show that the shelf salinity and the salinity of the surface layers in the southern Adriatic are part of a self\u2010amplifying loop involving dense water formation, water exchange with the Mediterranean Sea, and salty water intrusions to the shelf. Therefore, the characteristics of the basin and the water circulation are highly sensitive to the freshwater budget and heat losses. River discharge is subject to large interannual variations and is poorly known for many of the Adriatic freshwater sources. To improve the accuracy of the freshwater budget, we created a new climatology for three Albanian rivers and modulated the monthly climatological discharge in accordance with the rivers Po and Isonzo (So\u010da). Evaporation, precipitation, and heat losses vary strongly among the available atmospheric reanalyses and we show that the choice of atmospheric forcing has a substantial impact on the hydrology and circulation of the Adriatic Sea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2022jc018870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T15:24:38Z","timestamp":1667229878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Freshwater Balance of the Adriatic Sea: A Sensitivity Study"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0163-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Vodopivec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Station Piran National Institute of Biology  Piran Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Klodian","family":"Zaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hydrology Institute of GeoSciences Polytechnic University of Tirana  Tirana Albania"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro J.","family":"Peliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luis Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"ARPAE. 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