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However, basements contain inherited weaknesses that may potentially accommodate superimposed contraction (e.g., fault reactivation), and that favor fold nucleation (e.g., penetrative foliations). If these conditions are met, what could be the factors that impede the development of basement folds or their recognition? Actual basement folding is rarely documented, especially for large dimensions. Here we provide a case example, discussed from the perspective of structural analysis of surface data and sustained by geophysical data. The basement of the Spanish\u2010Portuguese Central System is defined by an Alpine mega\u2010fold (Hiendelaencina Antiform) that trends parallel to this mountain range and affects the basement and its sedimentary cover, collectively. The wavelength of this fold matches or even surpasses the thickness of the crust that hosts it (36\u201341\u00a0km). The Moho under this mega\u2010fold is displaced by an Alpine fault that accounts for incipient intraplate continental subduction. The topography of the mantle may reflect an up\u2010warping compatible with the mega\u2010fold observed on the surface. Mega\u2010folding is observed in the hanging wall of the Berzosa Fault, which emerges as a SE\u2010dipping, Variscan (Paleozoic), extensional fault reactivated as a basal decollement upon Alpine (Cenozoic) contraction. The mega\u2010fold was formed after well\u2010oriented planar anisotropies in the basement (foliation and bedding). The development of this fold was assisted by heterogeneous shearing (coeval thrusting) plus the buttressing effect of pre\u2010existing, near\u2010vertical, crustal\u2010scale faults (Somolinos and Somosierra), which inhibited slip\u2010upsection through the basal decollement (Berzosa Fault).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2023tc008163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1712341404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mega\u2010Folding of a Basement During Incipient Intra\u2010Plate Continental Subduction (Alpine Central Iberia)"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"D\u00edez Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda y Subsuelo CN\u2010IGME\u2010CSIC Unidad Territorial de Salamanca  Salamanca Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"de Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geodin\u00e1mica, Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Geociencias CSIC\u2010UCM  Madrid Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Moreno\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geociencias CSIC\u2010UCM  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Mineralog\u00eda y Petrolog\u00eda Universidad Complutense  Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geodin\u00e1mica, Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Geociencias CSIC\u2010UCM  Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geociencias CSIC\u2010UCM  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Mineralog\u00eda y Petrolog\u00eda Universidad Complutense  Madrid Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Rubio Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda y Subsuelo CN\u2010IGME\u2010CSIC  Madrid Spain"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00531\u2010017\u20101445\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"550","volume-title":"Geolog\u00eda de Espa\u00f1a","author":"Alonso\u2010Gavil\u00e1n G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"556","volume-title":"Geolog\u00eda de Espa\u00f1a","author":"Alonso\u2010Zarza A. 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