{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:15:07Z","timestamp":1777958107484,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGR Oceans"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) hosts a shallow Oxygen Minimum Zone (sOMZ) extending roughly from 50 to 250\u00a0m depth, where oxygen concentrations typically fall to 40\u201360\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Despite its ecological and biogeochemical importance, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the hypoxic events that shape this sOMZ remain poorly understood. Here we use a high\u2010resolution physical\u2010biogeochemical model to investigate the occurrence, intensity, and structure of hypoxia within the upper 300\u00a0m of the ETNA. A combined Eulerian\u2013Lagrangian framework is applied to identify and track Lagrangian Hypoxic Events (LHEs) and to classify them according to the dominant physical processes sustaining them. Coastal and offshore hypoxia exhibit distinct dynamics. Coastal hypoxia is widespread, predominantly seasonal, and strongest along the continental margin, where events are intense but vertically confined near the seabed. Coastal hypoxia peaks in summer\u2013autumn, consistent with seasonal reductions in ventilation, though the underlying mechanisms are not directly diagnosed here. In contrast, offshore hypoxia is primarily controlled by mesoscale eddies that form near the coast, trap low\u2010oxygen waters, and intensify such conditions as they propagate westward. Offshore LHEs display greater spatial extent and vertical reach, particularly during autumn and winter. Although eddy\u2010driven hypoxia dominates offshore volumes, large coastal events with long duration also contribute substantially to the structure of the sOMZ. Together, these results provide the first detailed assessment of hypoxic event dynamics in the ETNA's sOMZ and highlight the need for improved observations to quantify their ecological and biogeochemical impacts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2025jc022944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:00:42Z","timestamp":1775466042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of the Shallow Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o (ARDITI)  Funchal Portugal"},{"name":"Physical\u2010Biological Interactions Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Hereon  Geesthacht Germany"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Now at: Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo H. R.","family":"Calil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical\u2010Biological Interactions Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Hereon  Geesthacht Germany"},{"name":"Now at: Australian Institute of Marine Science  Townsville QLD Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1649-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Peliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8805-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. 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