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Variations in diatom abundance in these cores are inferred to represent changes caused by varying degrees of the upwelling fertility. Times of high productivity are marked by high relative frequencies of <jats:styled-content>Chaetoceros<\/jats:styled-content>, while low productivity is marked by the dominance of <jats:styled-content>Aulacoseira granulata<\/jats:styled-content>. Upwelling increased during glacial episodes (isotopic stages 2\u20134 and 6) relative to isotopic stages 1 and 5. During the late Holocene, primary productivity levels are similar to those for Stage 5, but in the early Holocene upwelling intensities seem to have been weaker than today. The paleoproductivity reconstruction based on the diatom record is supported by paleoproductivity estimations based on the organic carbon content of the sediments (Sarnthein et al., 1987a).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/91pa00049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T14:41:14Z","timestamp":1202308874000},"page":"431-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Variability of Upwelling Off NW Africa During the Latest Quaternary: Diatom Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"F. 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