{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:28:42Z","timestamp":1759332522330},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"C13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]],"date-time":"1997-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":882144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Azores\u2010Gibraltar fracture zone with the huge bathymetric reliefs in the area southwest of Portugal is believed to have been the source of large historic tsunami events. This report describes simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from sources near the Gorringe Bank. The well\u2010documented 1969 tsunami event is examined both with a ray\u2010tracing technique and with finite difference models based on various shallow water equations. Both methods show that the most likely source location is southeast of the Gorringe Bank near the epicenter location determined from seismic data. The tsunami source is calculated by formulas given by <jats:italic>Okada<\/jats:italic> [1985] for surface deformation of an elastic half\u2010space caused by faulting. Observed wave amplitude and travel time and values computed from an initial wave field according to <jats:italic>Okada<\/jats:italic> [1985] formulas show acceptable agreement for most stations along the coast of Portugal and Spain. However, in order to explain a large primary wave with downward displacement observed on the coast of Morocco, an alternative source model with a larger area of downward displacement has been introduced. This also leads to a better overall fit with observed travel time. Implications for disastrous events, as the one in 1755, are also discussed. Linear hydrostatic shallow water models are used for most of the simulations, but the importance of nonlinearity and dispersion is examined with the Boussinesq equations. The sensitivity of the solution to changes in the location and the strength of the source is discussed, and a series of grid refinement studies are performed in order to assess the accuracy of the simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/97jc02179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,4]],"date-time":"2004-02-04T00:39:59Z","timestamp":1075855199000},"page":"27931-27949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Modeling tsunamis from earthquake sources near Gorringe Bank southwest of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Gjevik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Dybesland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. B.","family":"Harbitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. M. A.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Mendes\u2010Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Guesmia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9201(73)90004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/273045a0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Maximum entropy analysis of Portuguese tsunami data: The tsunamis of 28.02.1969 and 26.05.1975","volume":"10","author":"Baptista M. A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sci. Tsunami Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-1946(97)00011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Bergeron A. La region des monts du Fer a Cheval (Atlantique Nord): Determination de la structure profonde par modelisation gravimetrique tridimensionelle Ph. D. thesis Univ. de Strasbourg I Strasbourg France 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(73)90058-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Gjevik B. G.Pedersen E.Dybesland C. B.Harbitz Numerical Simulations of Tsunami Waves: Preliminary Results of the Storegga the Gorringe Bank and the Thera Case Studies Preprint Ser. 1 1\u201331 Dep. of Math. Univ. of Oslo Oslo Norway 1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Gjevik B. G.Pedersen E.Dybesland C. B.Harbitz H.Johnsgard H. P.Langtangen Model Development and Simulation of Tsunamis Outside Portugal and Greece: Second GITEC Status Report Preprint Ser. 3 1\u201319 Dep. of Math. Univ. of Oslo Oslo Norway 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Source mechanisms of four recent earthquakes along the Azores Gibraltar plate boundary","volume":"92","author":"Grimson N.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Geophys. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-1946(97)00001-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Numerical simulations of the 1969 tsunami along the Portuguese coasts, Preliminary results","volume":"12","author":"Heinrich P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Tsunami Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0253-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","article-title":"Computational models for weakly dispersive nonlinear water waves","author":"Langtangen H. P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. 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Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F97JC02179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/97JC02179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T05:30:58Z","timestamp":1695360658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/97JC02179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/97JC02179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/97jc02179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,15]]}}}