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Study quality was scored, between\u2010study variance tested, and suicide rates on vs. off lithium examined by meta\u2010analyses using random\u2010effects regression methods to model risk ratios.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\u2002Among 5647 patients (33\u200a473 patient\u2010years of risk) in 22 studies, suicide was 82% less frequent during lithium\u2010treatment (0.159 vs. 0.875 deaths\/100 patient\u2010years). The computed risk\u2010ratio in studies with rates on\/off lithium was 8.85 (95% CI, 4.12\u201319.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001). Higher rates off\u2010lithium were not accounted for by treatment\u2010discontinuation.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\u2002Suicide risk was consistently lower during long\u2010term treatment of major affective illnesses with lithium in all studies in the meta\u2010analysis, including the few involving treatment\u2010randomization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00464.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T10:05:58Z","timestamp":1047290758000},"page":"163-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["Lower suicide risk with long\u2010term lithium treatment in major affective illness:\u2028a 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