{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:47:05Z","timestamp":1791190025566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]],"date-time":"2001-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":571,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n          <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> has been identified as a possible trigger factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). Some 30\u201360% of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from patients with AD are able to produce exotoxins with superantigenic properties, mostly staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, and D (SEA\u2013D) and toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20101 (TSST\u20101). Recently, it was demonstrated that the presence of IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB is correlated with the severity of skin lesions in children with AD. To determine the relevance of staphylococcal enterotoxins in adult patients with AD, we investigated the relationship between the severity of skin lesions and sensitization to SEA and SEB.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Clinical severity was determined by the SCORAD index. Circulating IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels, and urine eosinophil protein X (EPX) levels were measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The skin condition was significantly worse in patients sensitized to SEB than in unsensitized patients. Serum ECP and urine EPX levels were found to be significantly higher in SEB\u2010sensitized patients, confirming the higher degree of cutaneous inflammation.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Our results demonstrate a relationship between severity of skin lesions and sensitization to SEB in adult patients with AD, but a relationship between disease activity and sensitization to SEA could not be shown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00432.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T01:43:43Z","timestamp":1047347023000},"page":"551-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Severe atopic dermatitis is associated with sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Breuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"B\u00f6sche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Werfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03968.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReekersR SchmidtP KappA WerfelT.Evidence of a lymphocyte response to birch pollen related food antigens in atopic dermatitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol1999;104:466472.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70395-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70309-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90434-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12331164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1978.tb03220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Allergen presentation by epidermal Langerhans cells from patients with atopic dermatitis is mediated by IgE","volume":"69","author":"Mudde 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enterotoxin B applied on normal and intact atopic skin induces atopic dermatitis","volume":"132","author":"Strange P","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555924447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70182-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"S179","article-title":"Evaluation of staphylococcal exotoxin and its specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"103","author":"Nomura I","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.5.400","article-title":"Production of antibodies to staphylococcal superantigens in atopic dermatitis","volume":"79","author":"Campbell 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