{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T01:48:09Z","timestamp":1775353689458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]],"date-time":"2001-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":510,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present investigation aimed to determine to what extent maternal helminth infection primes parasite\u2010specific cellular responsiveness in neonates. Umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells (UCBC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from mothers proliferated in response to mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A, as well as to bacterial <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\u2010derived (streptolysin O) and helminth\u2010specific antigens of <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus.<\/jats:italic> Cellular responses to <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic> (Em) and <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum bifurcum<\/jats:italic> (Oes), helminth parasites not endemic in the study area, were absent (for Em) or very low (for Oes due to antigenic cross\u2010reactivity). Cellular responsiveness to mitogen and antigens was higher in mothers than in their neonates. Several Th1\u2010type (IL\u20102, IL\u201012, and IFN\u2010\u03b3) and Th2\u2010type (IL\u20105 and IL\u201010) cytokines were produced by UCBC from neonates and PBMC from mothers. Low levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 were elicited by UCBC in response to helminth and bacterial antigens, while secretion of IL\u20102 was pronounced and similarly high in neonates and their mothers. Amounts of IL\u20105 produced by UCBC in response to bacterial SL\u2010O and mitogenic stimulation (PHA) were low, but equivalent levels of IL\u20105 were induced by intestinal helminth and filaria\u2010derived antigens in neonates and mothers. A pronounced production of IL\u201010 and IL\u201012 by UCBC was observed \u2013 spontaneous IL\u201010 and IL\u201012 secretion by UCBC was higher in neonates than by PBMC from mothers. Net amounts of IL\u201010 elicited by helminth antigens were similar, while net IL\u201012 in response to mitogen, and bacterial and helminth antigens was significantly higher in mothers than their offspring. Our results indicate that human maternal helminth infection does sensitize <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> for parasite\u2010specific cellular responsiveness in offspring, and also activates specific production of several cytokines, and such children do not present a dominant expression of immunity of either Th1 or Th2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00477.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T01:44:07Z","timestamp":1047347047000},"page":"732-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Prenatal immune priming with helminth infections: parasite\u2010specific cellular reactivity and Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"D. S. S.","family":"Pit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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