{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T01:11:33Z","timestamp":1794705093264,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,10]],"date-time":"2003-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":374,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The aim of this work was to describe clinical similarities and differences between allergic and nonallergic asthmatics, notably concerning the nasosinusal involvement.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 165 asthmatics (122 allergics and 43 nonallergics) and 193 controls (40 allergics and 153 nonallergics), recruited in the frame of EGEA study (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy), were included. Asthmatics were included on the basis of positive answer to four standardized items. To establish differences and similarities between allergic and nonallergic asthmatics, general characteristics (age, sex, smoking habits, history of hay fever and allergic dermatitis), history of asthma, severity and nasosinusal involvement were examined. Clinical assessment was based on the answers to a detailed questionnaire, and spirometry.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Greater age, female sex, sinusal polyposis, and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> below 80% of the predicted value increased the risk of displaying a nonallergic type of asthma, whereas history of hay fever, seasonal exacerbation of asthma, and asthma duration lowered this risk. Unexpectedly, we found no difference in terms of rhinitic symptoms between both groups, probably resulting from distinct causes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: These<\/jats:bold> results give new insights into the contrasts between clinical features of allergic and nonallergic asthma. The terminology of extrinsic asthma was first introduced by Rackeman in 1947 (1) and referred to the triggering role of allergens in asthma. By symmetry, he described intrinsic asthma as a disease characterized by later onset in life, female predominance, higher degree of severity, and more frequent association to nasosinusal polyposis. As these asthmatics were not improved by conventional treatment, this author considered their disease as caused by a nonallergic, unknown phenomenon. It is now widely admitted that nonallergic asthma can be objectively distinguished from allergic asthma based on negative skin tests to usual aeroallergens. On the other hand, positive skin test shows a tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to low doses of allergens. \u201cAtopy\u201d and \u201catopic\u201d are the terms used to describe this clinical trait and predisposition (2). Allergic clinical manifestations of atopy are of various types, for example rhinitis and asthma. Nowadays the terminology of \u201cextrinsic\u201d and \u201cintrinsic\u201d asthma should no longer be used, and should be replaced by the terminology of \u201callergic\u201d or \u201cnonallergic\u201d asthma (2).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.23504.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T20:49:53Z","timestamp":1047329393000},"page":"607-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Allergic <i>vs<\/i> nonallergic asthma: what makes the difference?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Romanet\u2010Manent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Charpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lanteaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vervloet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"and the EGEA Cooperative Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(47)90204-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2001.00002.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.4.9105087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.6.8665058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.109","article-title":"Allergic and nonallergic asthmatics have distinct patterns of T cell activation and cytokine production in peripheral blood and broncho\u2010alveolar lavage","volume":"146","author":"Walker C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(85)90063-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.4.12tac9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"CEE\u2010CECA Collection d'hygi\u00e8ne et de m\u00e9decine du travail","author":"Bride D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology standardisation project (ATS)","volume":"118","author":"Ferris BG","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07050954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"412","article-title":"Skin testing","volume":"14","author":"Pepys J","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Assessment of functional respiratory deficit","volume":"19","author":"Sadoul P","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopath Resp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"144S","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms in mild and severe asthmatic adult in EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy)","volume":"10","author":"Pin I","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Allergic and nonallergic asthma: still a matter for debate ?","volume":"1","author":"Godart PH","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Asthma Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1981.tb01818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"Nhlbi\/Who Workshop report.Bethesda:National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute publication no. 95\u201336591995."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"2s","article-title":"Clinical assessment of patients","volume":"11","author":"Godard PH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12030564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.4.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"A609","article-title":"Allergic and nonallergic asthma: what makes the difference? 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