{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:27:38Z","timestamp":1789694858091,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,13]],"date-time":"2003-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002Introduction: <\/jats:bold> Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity in liver transplant recipients and is associated with multiple factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover and calcium\u2010regulating hormones in 29 patients (17 men, 12 women) 2\u201312\u2003yrs following liver transplantation for non\u2010alcoholic liver diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Fifteen patients (52%) were on immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus and 14 (48%) with cyclosporine. Eleven patients (38%) were currently on prednisone, 18 patients (62%) had stopped glucocorticoid treatment 6\u2003months to 11\u2003yrs prior to the study. Nineteen patients (65.5%) had decreased BMD according to WHO criteria, 17 (58.2%) at the femoral neck, 13 (44.8%) at the lumbar spine. Nineteen patients (65.5%) had a subnormal (&lt;15\u2003ng\/mL) serum level of 25 (OH) D3. These patients had significantly lower BMD at the femoral neck (p\u2003=\u20030.02). Femoral neck BMD negatively correlated with serum parathyroid hormone level (p\u2003=\u20030.06, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003\u22120.35), length of the post\u2010transplantation period (p\u2003=\u20030.025, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003\u22120.416) and duration of glucocorticoid treatment (p\u2003=\u20030.029, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003\u22120.406), regardless of its cumulative dose. Symptomatic fractures were less frequent in tacrolimus treated patients than in cyclosporine users (p =\u200a0.03).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Decreased BMD is frequent following liver transplantation and is affected by vitamin D deficiency, cyclosporine use, and the duration of glucocorticoid therapy, but not by its cumulative dose. Achievement and maintenance of optimal vitamin D status and shortening of glucocorticoid treatment period may have a favorable effect on bone preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0012.2003.02065.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T13:51:09Z","timestamp":1047390669000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Predominant factors associated with bone loss in liver transplant patients \u2013 after prolonged post\u2010transplantation 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