{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:28:52Z","timestamp":1760819332592},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]],"date-time":"2001-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":263,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\u2002National community studies consistently identify higher rates of both depressive and anxiety disorders in women. The female preponderance in depression could be primary or, alternatively, a sex difference in anxiety could determine the differential depression rates. We therefore pursue whether the female preponderance in depression is secondary to a female preponderance in anxiety disorders in a community sample.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold>\u2002We analyse relevant data from the National Comorbidity Study (NCS) database, examining in particular whether sex differences in anxiety (here those meeting criteria for panic disorder, agoraphobia without panic disorder, generalized anxiety and social phobia) influenced sex differences in the prevalence of both major depression and dysthymia.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\u2002Survival analyses indicated that, for both major depression and dysthymia, and within subsamples of those with early onset and late onset depression, both female sex and a preceding anxiety disorder made significant contributions, with preceding anxiety making the consistently stronger contribution of the two.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\u2002A proportion of the female preponderance in major depression and dysthymia in the general community appears determined by a primary sex difference in anxiety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00375.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T10:05:04Z","timestamp":1047290704000},"page":"252-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Is any female preponderance in depression secondary to a primary female preponderance in anxiety disorders?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hadzi\u2010Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540040037030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02765-o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Composite Internation\u2010al Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, Version 1.9)","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.9.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"S\u2010PLUS 2000 Guide to statistics, volume 2","author":"MathSoft","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows, version 9","author":"SPSS","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00084-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770130100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000298371","article-title":"Comorbidity of DSM\u2010III\u2010R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"168","author":"Kessler RC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700024806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700026878"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Neurosis and the social environment","author":"Henderson S","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370010202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90026-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.1.29"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0447.2001.00375.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0447.2001.00375.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00375.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T18:49:51Z","timestamp":1697568591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00375.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00375.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00375.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}