{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1790849072513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3101,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the pathogenetic role of human T\u2010lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV\u2010I) in central nervous system disease, a rat model for HTLV\u2010I\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis, designated as HAM rat disease, was examined with regard to chronological neuropathology, from early asymptomatic phase to late disease. In the thoracic spinal cord of rats with HTLV\u2010I infection, the first event was the appearance of apoptosis of oligodendrocytes beginning at 7 months after induced infection, thereafter followed by the appearance of white matter degeneration, increase of macrophages\/activated microglia and of gemistocytic astrocytes at 12, 15 and 20 months, respectively. In the spinal cord, HTLV\u2010I provirus DNA was evident as early as 4 months after the infection, and HTLV\u2010I <jats:italic>pX<\/jats:italic> and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 messages began to be expressed at age 7 months, just before or at the same time as the appearance of apoptotic cells. Collective evidence suggests that the apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes, which may be induced either directly by the local expression of HTLV\u2010I or indirectly by TNF\u2010\u03b1, through the transactive function of p40Tax, is the major cause of chronic progressive myeloneuropathy in Wistar\u2010King\u2010Aptekman\u2010Hokudai rats with HTLV\u2010I infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-83.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,15]],"date-time":"2003-10-15T02:34:18Z","timestamp":1066185258000},"page":"459-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Human T\u2010lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV\u2010I)\u2010induced myeloneuropathy in rats: Oligodendrocytes undergo apoptosis in the presence of HTLV\u2010I"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ohya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utano","family":"Tomaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takefumi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Wakisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.4.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.2.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.119.3.493","article-title":"Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation","volume":"19","author":"Gavrieli Y.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.10.6191-6193.1992","article-title":"trans activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter by the human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type I Taxi protein","volume":"66","author":"Albrecht H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240460405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199401000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659","article-title":"Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes. 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