{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T01:54:09Z","timestamp":1794707649463,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,19]],"date-time":"2002-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1011398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although it is generally accepted that adverse forces can impair osseointegration, the mechanism of this complication is unknown. In this study, static and dynamic loads were applied on 10 mm long implants (Br\u00e5nemark System\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Nobel Biocare, Sweden) installed bicortically in rabbit tibiae to investigate the bone response. Each of 10 adult New Zealand black rabbits had one statically loaded implant (with a transverse force of 29.4 N applied on a distance of 1.5 mm from the top of the implant, resulting in a bending moment of 4.4 Ncm), one dynamically loaded implant (with a transverse force of 14.7 N applied on a distance of 50 mm from the top of the implant, resulting in a bending moment of 73.5 Ncm, 2.520 cycles in total, applied with a frequency of 1 Hz), and one unloaded control implant. The loading was performed during 14 days. A numerical model was used as a guideline for the applied dynamic load. Histomorphometrical quantifications of the bone to metal contact area and bone density lateral to the implant were performed on undecalcified and toluidine blue stained sections. The histological picture was similar for statically loaded and control implants. Dense cortical lamellar bone was present around the marginal and apical part of the latter implants with no signs of bone loss. Crater\u2010shaped bone defects and Howship\u2019s lacunae were explicit signs of bone resorption in the marginal bone area around the dynamically loaded implants. Despite those bone defects, bone islands were present in contact with the implant surface in this marginal area. This resulted in no significantly lower bone\u2010to\u2010implant contact around the dynamically loaded implants in comparison with the statically loaded and the control implants. However, when comparing the amount of bone in the immediate surroundings of the marginal part of the implants, significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.007) less bone volume (density) was present around the dynamically loaded in comparison with the statically loaded and the control implants. This study shows that excessive dynamic loads cause crater\u2010like bone defects lateral to osseointegrated implants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.012003207.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T07:37:35Z","timestamp":1047368255000},"page":"207-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":287,"title":["The influence of static and dynamic loading on marginal bone reactions around osseointegrated implants: an animal experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joke","family":"Duyck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignace","family":"Naert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Jacob","family":"R\u00f8nold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Eirik","family":"Ellingsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Van Oosterwyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Vander Sloten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(81)80077-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70211-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(88)90355-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790010401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90204-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"CarlssonL.V.(1989)On the development of a new concept for orthopedic implant fixation.Thesis G\u00f6teborg Sweden."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.1993.tb00373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"CarrA.B. Brunski J.B. Labishak J. Bagley B.(1993)Preload comparison between as\u2010received and cast\u2010to implant cylinders.Journal of Dental ResearchIADR Abstr 72:695."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"Effects of fabrication, finishing, and polishing procedures on preload in prostheses using conventional \u2018gold\u2019 and plastic cylinders.","volume":"11","author":"Carr A.B.","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(96)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"The relationship of some histological parameters, radiographic evaluations and Periotest measurements of oral implant; an experimental animal study.","volume":"12","author":"Caulier H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-6009(08)80025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Mechanical response to functional loading around the threads of retromolar endosseous implants utilised for orthodontic anchorage: coordinated histomorphometric and finite element analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Chen J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1996.d01-193.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Die Trenn\u2010D\u00fcnnschliff\u2010Technik zur Herstellung histologisher Pr\u00e4parate von nicht schneidbaren Geweben und Materialen.","volume":"34","author":"Donath K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Praparator"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"DuyckJ.(2000)Biomechanical characterisation ofin vivoload on oral implants.Thesis Catholic University of Leuven Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","article-title":"Preload on oral implants after screw tightening fixed full prostheses: an in vivo study.","author":"Duyck J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2000.00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0909-8836..t01-6-.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Mechanical loading of Br\u00e5nemark implants affects interfacial bone modelling and remodelling.","volume":"9","author":"Hoshaw S.J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"The effects of superstructure fit and loading on individual implant units: Part I. 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