{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:20:27Z","timestamp":1792891227357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1032393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":901,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary:<\/jats:bold> The liver remains a hematopoietic organ after birth and can produce all leukocyte lineages from resident hematopoietic stem cells. Hepatocytes produce acute phase proteins and complement in bacterial infections. Liver Kupffer cells are activated by various bacterial stimuli, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial superantigens, and produce interleukin (IL)\u201012. IL\u201012 and other monokines (IL\u201018 etc.) produced by Kupffer cells activate liver natural killer (NK) cells and NK1.1 Ag+ T\u00a0cells to produce interferon\u2010g and thereby acquire cytotoxicity against tumors and microbe\u2010infected cells. These liver leukocytes and the T helper 1 immune responses induced by them thus play a crucial role in the first line of defense against bacterial infections and hematogenous tumor metastases. However, if this defense system is inadequately activated, shock associated with multiple organ failure takes place. Activated liver NK1.1 Ag+ T\u00a0cells and NK cells also cause hepatocyte injury. NK1.1 Ag+ T\u00a0cells and another T\u2010cell subset with an intermediate T\u2010cell receptor, CD122+CD8+ T\u00a0cells, can develop independently of thymic epithelial cells. Liver NK cells and NK1.1 Ag+ T\u00a0cells physiologically develop in situ from their precursors, presumably due to bacterial antigens brought from the intestine via the portal vein. NK cells activated by bacterial superantigens or LPS are also probably involved in the vascular endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017404.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1047436363000},"page":"35-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":285,"title":["The liver as a crucial organ in the first line of host defense: the roles of Kupffer cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NK1.1 Ag+ T\u00a0cells in T\u00a0helper 1 immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1034","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Shuhji","family":"Seki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Habu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Dobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ohkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoshio","family":"Hiraide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]]},"container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0528.2002.017404.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017404.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T13:17:52Z","timestamp":1698585472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017404.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017404.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017404.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-2896","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-065X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}