{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:07:00Z","timestamp":1775779620874,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,12]],"date-time":"2002-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1010793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disorder. Its varied histological presentation and rarity have limited efforts to determine its pathogenic relationship with other histiocytic lesions and possibly, its recognition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We report on an unusual histologic pattern of indeterminate cell histiocytosis that resembled follicular dendritic sarcoma. A battery of immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy were performed to elucidate the phenotype of the \u201chistiocytic\u201d cells. Based on a review of the literature, reported cases of indeterminate cell histiocytosis are presented and the diagnostic differential of spindle\u2010cell lesions is discussed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Spindling histiocytes were positive for S\u2010100 and CD1a. The monocytic\/macrophage marker, CD68, and the dendritic cell marker, CD21, were negative. Electron microscopy failed to reveal Birbeck granules.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Relatively few reports of indeterminate cell histiocytosis exist, some of which include discussion of potential overlaps with the non\u2010X histiocytoses. Although the presence of prominent spindling in our case expanded the differential to include non\u2010histiocytic disorders, the identified histiocytes unequivocally fulfilled the criteria of S\u2010100 and CD1a positivity without demonstrable Birbeck granules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.281007.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T13:52:41Z","timestamp":1047390761000},"page":"531-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis: a new spindle cell variant resembling dendritic cell sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Arlene Sylvia","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1985.tb01399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70209-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199008000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"526","article-title":"Indeterminate\u2010cell histiocytosis [Abstract]","volume":"19","author":"Grau\u2010Massanes M","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220093021","article-title":"Solitary congenital indeterminate cell histiocytoma","volume":"129","author":"Levisohn D","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.44787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199706000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198704000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198802000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650100069034","article-title":"Cutaneous syndromes of non\u2010X histiocytosis \u2013 a review of the macrophage\u2010histiocyte diseases of the skin","volume":"117","author":"Winkelmann RK","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"The mononuclear phagocyte and immunoregulatory effector (M\u2010PIRE) system: evolving concepts","volume":"7","author":"Foucar K","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/99.4.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Diagnostic Surgical Pathology","author":"Cousar JB","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200008000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199608000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970115)79:2<294::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1982.01650230041025","article-title":"Response of nodular non\u2010X histiocytosis to vinblastine","volume":"118","author":"Winkelmann RK","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70181-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670080062020","article-title":"Unusual cutaneous histiocytosis expressing an intermediate immunophenotype between Langerhans\u2019 cells and dermal macrophages","volume":"124","author":"Berti E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199610000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Human dendritic cells and macrophages. 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