{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:57:57Z","timestamp":1792738677946,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":572,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The melanocortin 1 receptor, a seven pass transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, is a key control point in melanogenesis. Loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations at the MC1R are associated with a switch from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production, resulting in a red or yellow coat colour. Activating mutations, in animals at least, lead to enhanced eumelanin synthesis. In man, a number of loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations in the MC1R have been described. The majority of red\u2010heads (red\u2010haired persons) are compound heterozygotes or homozygotes for up to five frequent loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations. A minority of red\u2010heads are, however, only heterozygote. The MC1R is, therefore, a major determinant of sun sensitivity and a genetic risk factor for melanoma and non\u2010melanoma skin cancer. Recent work suggests that the MC1R also shows a clear heterozygote effect on skin type, with up to 30% of the population harbouring loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations. Activating mutations of the MC1R in man have not been described. The MC1R is particularly informative and a tractable gene for studies of human evolution and migration. In particular, study of the MC1R may provide insights into the lightening of skin colour observed in most European populations. The world wide pattern of MC1R diversity is compatible with functional constraint operating in Africa, whereas the greater allelic diversity seen in non\u2010African populations is consistent with neutral predictions rather than selection. Whether this conclusion is as a result of weakness in the statistical testing procedures applied, or whether it will be seen in other pigment genes will be of great interest for studies of human skin colour evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130303.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T16:35:09Z","timestamp":1047486909000},"page":"135-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R): More Than Just Red Hair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"JONATHAN L.","family":"REES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0749.2000.130303.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0749.2000.130303.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130303.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T08:06:28Z","timestamp":1698566788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130303.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130303.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130303.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-5785","1600-0749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-5785","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}