{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:21:50Z","timestamp":1789716110532,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,23]],"date-time":"2002-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is known that the migration of melanocyte precursors (melanoblasts) from the outer root sheath of hair follicles into clinically depigmented epidermis is crucial to the repigmentation of vitiliginous skin treated with photochemotherapy (PUVA), but such migratory cells must penetrate extracellular matrix tissue barriers in vivo. To test the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for this process, we determined whether cultured melb\u2010a cells, an immortal line of melanoblasts isolated from neonatal mouse epidermis, express and secrete MMPs and whether a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor, GM6001 (Galardin), inhibits their migratory behavior in vitro. Reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the patterns of MMP expression by melanoblasts at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The proteolytic activities of MMPs secreted into the culture medium were assessed by gelatin zymography. The capacity of melanoblasts to migrate on fibronectin, laminin or laminin\u20105 substrates was estimated using Transwell migration assays. The results show that MMP2, MMP9 and MT1\u2010MMP transcripts are expressed by these melanoblasts, but only MMP2 is secreted and activated in the extracellular environment. Although the therapeutic efficacy of PUVA in stimulating repigmentation of vitiliginous skin might derive from direct effects of UVA and\/or 8\u2010methoxypsoralen (8MOP), recent studies have shown that keratinocyte\u2010derived factors induced by ultraviolet radiation, especially \u03b1\u2010melanocyte stimulating hormone (\u03b1MSH), play a major role in regulating melanocyte function. Therefore, we also examined whether 8MOP and\/or \u03b1MSH are involved in the up\u2010regulation of MMP2 expression in melanoblasts. Western blotting and zymographic analyses revealed that MMP2 synthesis and secretion were induced by 8MOP and\/or by \u03b1MSH. This induction of MMP2 resulted in significant increases of migration by melanoblasts on laminin or on laminin\u20105 substrates, while concomitant treatment with GM6001 blocked that induced migration. Taken together, these results suggest the importance of MMP2 in melanoblast migration and in the response to PUVA therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2002.02044.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1047487010000},"page":"426-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["In Vitro Migration of Melanoblasts Requires Matrix Metalloproteinase\u20102: Implications to Vitiligo Therapy by Photochemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tie Chi","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred D.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent 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