{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:54:31Z","timestamp":1790463271919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,25]],"date-time":"2002-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal ions were evaluated as potential antimicrobial agents suitable for local delivery in the oral cavity for the treatment of periodontitis. Silver nitrate, copper chloride, and zinc chloride were tested for antimicrobial activity in <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> killing assays conducted in phosphate buffered saline with a series of oral bacteria including gram\u2010negative periodontal pathogens and gram\u2010positive streptococci. Copper and zinc salts failed to exhibit strong and consistent activity against periodontal pathogens. In contrast, silver at a concentration of 0.5\u2003\u03bcg\/mL produced a 3 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reduction in colony forming units Spacciapoli\/mL or greater against all periodontal pathogens tested including <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella denticola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides forsythus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum vincentii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Campylobacter gracilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Campylobacter rectus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eikenella corrodens<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>. In comparison, substantially higher concentrations of silver nitrate failed to kill oral streptococci. A silver nitrate concentration of 25\u2003\u03bcg\/mL produced log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reductions in CFU\/mL of 3.5\u20135 in killing assays performed in human serum against <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, demonstrating the ability of silver to retain activity in a biological medium similar to that encountered <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in the periodontal pocket. These results identify silver nitrate, an antimicrobial that may possess advantages over traditional antibiotics, as a potential agent for controlled release local delivery in the oral cavity for the treatment of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T08:54:34Z","timestamp":1047459274000},"page":"108-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of silver nitrate against periodontal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Spacciapoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Buxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Friden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,25]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T04:49:54Z","timestamp":1694407794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360207.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}