{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:28:55Z","timestamp":1790720935185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]],"date-time":"2003-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has recently attracted attention as a potent inducer of vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Aberrant angiogenesis is often associated with lesion formation in chronic periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the properties of VEGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) culture. HGF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), vesicle (Ve) and outer membrane protein (OMP) from <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. HGF constitutively produced VEGF and levels were significantly enhanced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01) by stimulation with Ve and OMP from <jats:italic>A.\u2003actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P.\u2003gingivalis<\/jats:italic> at concentrations of 10\u2003\u00b5g\/ml or higher. On the other hand, VEGF levels were not increased by LPS stimulation. VEGF mRNA expression was also observed in Ve\u2010 and OMP\u2010stimulated HGF. A vascular permeability enhancement (VPE) assay was performed using guinea pigs to ascertain whether supernatant from cultures of Ve\u2010 and OMP\u2010stimulated HGF enhance vascular permeability <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Supernatant from cultures of Ve\u2010 and OMP\u2010stimulated HGF strongly induced VPE. This was markedly suppressed upon simultaneous injection of anti\u2010VEGF polyclonal antibodies with the supernatant. Heating and protease treatment of the stimulants reduced the VEGF enhancing levels in Ve and OMP <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. These results suggest that Ve and OMP may be crucial heat\u2010labile and protease\u2010sensitive components of periodontal pathogens that enhance VEGF expression. In addition, VEGF might be associated with the etiology of periodontitis in its early stages according to neovascularization stimulated by periodontal pathogens causing swelling and edema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2003.01646.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T08:56:15Z","timestamp":1047459375000},"page":"90-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by periodontal pathogens in gingival 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