{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:47:44Z","timestamp":1790945264884,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,23]],"date-time":"2002-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1035331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:<\/jats:bold> The purpose of the study was to determine if binding of the drugs to the sampling equipment during microdialysis would influence the results for carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments with microdialysis catheters and separate parts of catheters were performed to estimate the degree of drug binding to the dialysis equipment. A mathematical model to calculate drug binding and recovery is proposed. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> protein unbound carbamazepine concentrations in subcutaneous extracellular fluid at different flow rates (6 patients), unbound carbamazepine (1 patient) and unbound phenobarbital (1 patient) in subdural cerebrospinal fluid and subcutaneous extracellular fluid were estimated and the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> data were compared to the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> results and data generated by the mathematical model. Binding to the soft outlet polyurethane tubing was extensive and variable for phenytoin, which precluded <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> testing, but limited and more predictable for carbamazepine and phenobarbital. None of the three compounds bound to the hard internal tubing. Phenytoin and phenobarbital did not bind to the dialysis membrane, while a small degree of binding may be present for carbamazepine. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> estimates of carbamazepine protein unbound subcutaneous extracellular concentrations by microdialysis, adjusted for binding to the plastic tubing, were 81% of protein unbound plasma concentrations. In single case studies, subdural cerebrospinal fluid and subcutaneous extracellular levels of carbamazepine and phenobarbital were similar and when corrected for binding to the plastic tubings they were also close to protein unbound plasma concentrations. Microdialysis can be used for reliable estimations of protein unbound carbamazepine and possibly phenobarbital concentrations when drug binding to the plastic tubing is considered. Reliable estimation of unbound phenytoin is not possible at present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2002.910402.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T18:55:49Z","timestamp":1047495349000},"page":"158-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Microdialysis Sampling of Carbamazepine, Phenytoin and Phenobarbital in Subcutaneous Extracellular Fluid and Subdural Cerebrospinal Fluid in Humans: An <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i> Study of Adsorption to the Sampling Device"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Lindberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Tomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"St\u00e5hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution to the skin of penciclovir after oral famciclovir administration in healthy volunteers:comparison of the suction blister technique and cutaneous microdialysis","volume":"79","author":"Borg N.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta dermatol. venereol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198510020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015955503708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs","author":"Johannessen S. I.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9811930"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199806000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.26600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"515","volume-title":"Absorption, distribution and excretion. Antiepileptic drugs","author":"Morselli P. L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490470042005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1997.123358000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6nell Y. B.Terselius&J.F Jansson:Injection moulding of propylene: 2. Effect of holding pressure on crystallinity and morphology.. In:The relations between processing conditions morphology and properties of injection molded polypropylene.Ph.D. thesis Department of Polymer Technology Stockholm Sweden.1995.","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760351109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Methods in neuroscience","author":"St\u00e5hle L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90488-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(91)90021-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198909000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Measurement of neurotransmitter release in vivo","author":"Ungerstedt U.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Methods in neuroscience.","author":"Ungerstedt U.","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0773.2002.910402.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0773.2002.910402.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2002.910402.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T12:22:29Z","timestamp":1697545349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2002.910402.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2002.910402.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2002.910402.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0901-9928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0901-9928","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}