{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:52:16Z","timestamp":1790257936485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,9]],"date-time":"2002-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> \u2002Punta Arenas, Chile, the southernmost city in the world (53\u00b0S), with a population of 154\u2003000, is located near the Antarctic ozone hole (AOH) and has been regularly affected by high levels of ultraviolet\u2010B (UV\u2010B) radiation each spring for the last 20\u2003years. Large increases in UV\u2010B associated with the AOH have been measured with increases in UV\u2010B at 297\u2003nm of up to 38 times those of similar days with normal ozone. Recently we reported significant increases in sunburns during the spring of 1999 on days with low ozone because of the AOH.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n          \u2002A surveillance of skin cancers occurring from 1987 to 2000 was performed. Age, sex, location, type of skin cancer and skin phototype were recorded. A Brewer Spectrophotometer was used in order to obtain <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> measurements of ozone and UV\u2010B. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used in order to establish pre\u2010ozone hole climatology.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n          \u2002Ozone levels as low as 145\u2003DU (Dobson Units) were recorded, a 56% decrease in ozone, and UV\u2010B levels up to 4.947\u2003J\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. These levels are close to summertime levels at mid latitudes. For the 14\u2010year period \u2013 from 1987 to 2000 \u2013 173 cases of skin cancer were diagnosed, 65 during the first 7\u2003years, 108 during the second, an increase of 66%. Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), 19% of the cases, increased by 56%, raising the rate from 1.22 to 1.91 per 100\u2003000. Non\u2010melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), 81% of the total, increased the rate from 5.43 to 7.94 per 100\u2003000 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003<jats:bold>&lt;<\/jats:bold>\u20030.05), a 46% increase. Patients with CMM and NMSC had skin phototypes I\u2013II in 59% and 54% of cases, respectively. Days with more than 25% ozone loss occurred in 143\u2003days during the last 20 springs. Significant increases of UV\u2010B were observed under ozone hole conditions, especially around 300\u2003nm, the most carcinogenic wavelengths.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> \u2002Highly unusual ozone loss and UV\u2010B increases have occurred in the Punta Arenas area over the past two decades resulting in the non\u2010photoadapted population being repeatedly exposed to an altered solar UV spectrum with a greater effectiveness for erythema and photocarcinogenesis. This phenomenon has not previously been reported over other populated areas and an additional increase in the skin cancer rate attributable to the AOH may be occurring. Research on the clinical and subclinical impact of these abnormalities is urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2002.02782.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T18:35:57Z","timestamp":1047494157000},"page":"294-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Skin cancer and ultraviolet\u2010B radiation under the Antarctic ozone hole: southern Chile, 1987\u20132000"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jaime F.","family":"Abarca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio C.","family":"Casiccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"DamerisM GreweV SausenR.World Meteorological Organization Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1998 Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. 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