{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:53:20Z","timestamp":1790787200503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,18]],"date-time":"2002-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has grown in popularity as a therapeutic device for training and an ambulation aid to human paralyzed muscle. Despite its current clinical use, few studies have attempted to concurrently investigate the functional and intramuscular adaptations which occur after electrical stimulation training. Six individuals with a spinal cord injury performed 10 weeks of electrical stimulation leg cycle training (30\u2003min\u2003d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 3\u2003d week<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). The paralyzed vastus lateralis muscle showed significant alterations in skeletal muscle characteristics after the training, indicated by an improvement in total work output (52\u2013112\u2003kJ; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), an increase in fiber cross\u2010sectional area (18 to 41\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003\u00b5m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), a reduction in the percentage of type IIX fibers (75% to 12%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), a decrease in myosin heavy chain IIx (68% to 44%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), an increase in capillary density (2\u20133.5 capillaries around fiber; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) and increases in activity levels of citrate synthase (7\u201316\u2003mU\u2003mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> protein) and hexokinase (1.2\u20132.4\u2003mU\u2003mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> protein). This study showed that 10 weeks of electrical stimulation training of human paralyzed muscle induces concurrent improvements in functional capacity and oxidative metabolism<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2002.20106.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T20:31:59Z","timestamp":1047501119000},"page":"316-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Effects of electrical stimulation\u2010induced leg training on skeletal muscle adaptability in spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"R. M.","family":"Crameri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Climstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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