{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:16:19Z","timestamp":1791825379928,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,9]],"date-time":"2002-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1018310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PROBLEM:\u2003To determine if first trimester missed abortion decidua is characterized by an altered immune cell profile and\/or a modified interleukin (IL)\u201010 and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 production pattern compared with decidua from elective termination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    METHOD OF STUDY:\u2003Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the decidual immune cell phenotypic profile and production pattern of IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 in cases of elective termination (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =14) and missed abortion (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =12).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    RESULTS:\u2003Both groups had a similar proportion of CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2003CD16\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2003CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , \u03b1\u03b2 T cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. The majority of \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 positive T cells in both groups coexpressed the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56, but lacked cell surface expression of CD3. Diminished decidual IL\u201010 staining was noted in 7\/10 missed abortion cases compared with none of the elective termination cases (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =12) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.007). A uniform decidual IFN\u2010\u03b3 staining pattern was observed in both groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION:\u2003Decreased IL\u201010 production coupled with a sustained IFN\u2010\u03b3 presence noted in missed abortion compared with elective termination cases suggest that these cytokines may be important determinants in pregnancy outcome. In contrast, differences in the proportion of immune cells between both groups may not be a critical factor in early pregnancy loss. In normal pregnancy, decidual \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 positive T cells with reduced CD3 on their cell surface may be intrinsically restricted in T\u2010cell receptor (TCR)\u2010mediated activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2002.01060.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T20:26:30Z","timestamp":1047327990000},"page":"242-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Deficiency of Decidual IL\u201010 in First Trimester Missed Abortion: A Lack of Correlation with the Decidual Immune Cell Profile"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"PLEVYAK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAZEEH","family":"HANNA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SANDRA","family":"MAYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHAUN","family":"MURPHY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HALIT","family":"PINAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LOREN","family":"FAST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTINA","family":"EKERFELT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAN","family":"ERNERUDH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GORAN","family":"BERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LEIF","family":"MATTHIESEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SURENDRA","family":"SHARMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BrentL:A History of Transplant Immunology. 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