{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:46:49Z","timestamp":1789757209754,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,9]],"date-time":"2002-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1018310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PROBLEM:\u2003Chemokines are increasingly recognized as important regulators of uterine function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS OF STUDY:\u2003The following is a review of uterine chemokines, especially monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)\u20101, interleukin (IL)\u20108, and regulated\u2010upon\u2010activation normal\u2010T\u2010cell\u2010expressed and \u2010secreted (RANTES) protein, in reproductive physiology and pathology.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS:\u2003It is increasingly clear that IL\u20108, MCP\u20101, RANTES and their receptors are produced by endometrial, myometrial, and trophoblast cell types in a timed and co\u2010ordinated manner. In addition to the regulation of leukocyte migration and function, uterine chemokines also display specific roles in endometrial angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. IL\u20108, MCP\u20101 and RANTES are regulated by local growth factors and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interferon\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u20101. IL\u20108 takes part in cervical ripening and parturition. IL\u20108, MCP\u20101 and RANTES are also found at high levels in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSION:\u2003Co\u2010ordination of chemokine\u2013chemokine receptor interactions plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and successful pregnancy. 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