{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:11:20Z","timestamp":1777529480516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,16]],"date-time":"2003-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1055721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We previously reported a diminished expression of the heme\u2010degrading enzymes heme oxygenases (HO)\u20101 and HO\u20102 in decidua and placenta from mice undergoing Th1\u2010mediated abortion, strongly indicating the protective effect of HO in murine pregnancy maintenance. Here we investigated whether the expression of HO\u20101 and HO\u20102 is also reduced at the feto\u2010maternal interface of pathologic human pregnancies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of Study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HOs expression in placental and decidual first\u2010trimester tissue from patients with: spontaneous abortion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314), choriocarcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314), hydatidiform mole (H\u2010mole) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200312), compared with normally progressing pregnancies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200315). Further, we investigated early third\u2010trimester decidual and placental tissue from patients with pre\u2010eclampsia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313) compared with fetal growth retardation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314) as age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In first trimester tissue, we observed a significant reduction of HO\u20102 expression in invasive trophoblast cells, endothelial cells, and syncytiotrophoblasts in samples from patients with spontaneous abortion compared with normal pregnancy. H\u2010mole samples showed a diminished expression of HO\u20102 in invasive trophoblast cells and endothelial cells in comparison with NP, whereas choriocarcinoma samples showed no significant differences compared with the control. In third trimester tissue, HO\u20102 was also reduced in syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive trophoblast cells from pre\u2010eclampsia compared with samples from fetal growth retardation. HO\u20101 expression was diminished in all pathologies investigated; however, the differences did not reach levels of significance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our data indicate that HOs play a crucial role in pregnancy and low expression of HO\u20102, as observed in pathologic pregnancies, may lead to enhanced levels of free heme at the feto\u2010maternal interface, with subsequent upregulation of adhesion molecules, allowing enhanced inflammatory cells migration to the feto\u2010maternal interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00047.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,16]],"date-time":"2003-06-16T13:34:54Z","timestamp":1055770494000},"page":"66-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Heme Oxygenases in Pregnancy II: HO\u20102 is Downregulated in Human Pathologic Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"A. 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