{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:28:41Z","timestamp":1792628921353,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,9]],"date-time":"2003-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1063065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:<\/jats:bold> A study of association between pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, and missed and threatened abortions with good outcome has been performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study:<\/jats:bold> The presence of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)\u20108 and IL\u201012 and the soluble interleukin\u20102 receptor (SIL\u20102R) was investigated in maternal serum of 12 patients with threatened abortion twice (at admission and discharge), 14 patients with missed abortion, 14 women with healthy first\u2010trimester pregnancy, and 14 normal non\u2010pregnant women, using specific enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> SIL\u20102R and, in particular, IL\u201012 was detected with significantly higher levels in missed abortion group compared with all other groups. IL\u20108 was detected with no significant difference among all the groups studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> In spite of caution due to the small sizes of the subject samples, these results support a role of the immune system in the first trimester pregnancy and hypothesize that missed abortion may be associated with an enhanced Th1 reactivity, whereas threatened abortion with good outcome resembles the normal pregnancy with a non\u2010enhanced Th1 reactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00065.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,9]],"date-time":"2003-09-09T13:32:48Z","timestamp":1063114368000},"page":"302-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Maternal Serum Levels of Pro\u2010 Inflammatory Cytokines in Missed and Threatened 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