{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:10:20Z","timestamp":1770819020859,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,21]],"date-time":"2003-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>PROBLEM:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate changes in peripheral blood Th1\/Th2 cytokine levels and lymphocyte ratios after massive intravenous immunoglobulin (MIVIg) treatment for women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) of unexplained etiology.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>METHOD OF STUDY:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Serum Th1 (IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1) and Th2 cytokine (IL\u20104, IL\u201010) levels were assessed by ELISA methods (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20039) and peripheral blood Th1\/Th2 lymphocyte ratios (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20034) by flow cytometry before and after MIVIg treatments in women with four or more consecutive RSA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Pre\u2010treatment serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 (0.06\u2003\u00b1\u20030.09\u2003pg\/mL, mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SD), TNF\u2010\u03b1 (0.21\u2003\u00b1\u20030.45\u2003pg\/mL), IL\u20104 (0.70\u2003\u00b1 1.16\u2003pg\/mL), and IL\u201010 (1.12\u2003\u00b1\u20031.67\u2003pg\/mL) increased to 0.17\u2003\u00b1\u20030.16\u2003pg\/mL, 0.77\u2003\u00b1\u20030.28\u2003pg\/mL, 1.82\u2003\u00b1\u20030.89\u2003pg\/mL, and 3.44\u2003\u00b1\u20030.48\u2003pg\/mL, respectively, after MIVIg treatments (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). CD4\u2010positive IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u20104 lymphocyte ratios (17.3\u2003\u00b1\u20039.1) were reduced to 11.5\u2003\u00b1\u20037.1 after treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Massive intravenous immunoglobulin treatments increased peripheral blood cytokine levels and decreased Th1\/Th2 lymphocyte ratios; thus, MIVIg treatments modify the peripheral Th1\/Th2 balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.01184.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T01:28:10Z","timestamp":1047346090000},"page":"84-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Women with Recurrent Abortions: Increased Cytokine Levels and Reduced Th1\/\u200aTh2 Lymphocyte Ratio in Peripheral Blood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Hideto","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itsuko","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi H.","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Iwabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Minakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.11.2388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.3.838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.9.2620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-31.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(99)00182-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.460203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520480053039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90235-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4562","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.9.4562","article-title":"Synthesis 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