{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:28:12Z","timestamp":1792751292043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Psychological Association (APA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychology and Aging"],"DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,4]],"date-time":"2005-10-04T19:28:30Z","timestamp":1128454110000},"page":"600-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Longitudinal change in language production: Effects of aging and dementia on grammatical complexity and propositional content."],"prefix":"10.1037","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Kemper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Marquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.3.2.173"},{"key":"r2_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"207","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in cognitive performance.","volume-title":"Advances in neurology","author":"Arenberg","year":"1990"},{"key":"r3_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(83)90057-3"},{"key":"r4_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-746304-9.50015-X","article-title":"Neurologic correlates of anomia.","volume-title":"Studies in neurolinguistics","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Benson","year":"1979"},{"key":"r5_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"323","article-title":"Aging, behavior, and terminal decline.","volume-title":"Handbook of the psychology of aging","author":"Berg","year":"1996","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"r6_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(67)90015-2"},{"key":"r7_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.16.1.49"},{"key":"r8_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models.","author":"Bryk","year":"1992"},{"key":"r9_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung. Competing complexity metrics and adults' production of complex sentences. 13 53 1992","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400005427"},{"key":"r10_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earles. Interrelations of age, health, and speed. 50B 33 1995","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/50B.1.P33"},{"key":"r11_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.4.675"},{"key":"r12_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"102","article-title":"Intellectual changes with advancing age.","volume-title":"Intellectual functioning in adults","author":"Eisdorfer","year":"1973"},{"key":"r13_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"r14_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00034-1"},{"key":"r15_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)00687-7"},{"key":"r16_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01708420"},{"key":"r17_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"Multilevel statistical models.","author":"Goldstein","year":"1995"},{"key":"r18_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511627774","volume-title":"Conversations with an Alzheimer's patient.","author":"Hamilton","year":"1994"},{"key":"r19_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"Memory change in the aged.","author":"Hultsch","year":"1998"},{"key":"r20_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/03610739308253922","article-title":"Age differences in summarizing descriptive and procedural texts.","volume":"19","author":"Jackson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Experimental Aging Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0361-073X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r21_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<655::AID-SIM62>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"r22_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009137","article-title":"A 5-year longitudinal study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in normal aging.","volume":"145","author":"Jacqmin-Gadda","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9262","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r23_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/009365092019004003","article-title":"Adults' sentence fragments: Who, what, when, where, and why.","volume":"19","author":"Kemper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Communication Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-6502","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r24_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemper. Metalinguistic judgments in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. 52 147 1997","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.3.P147"},{"key":"r25_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326832.n4","article-title":"The effects of Alzheimer's disease on language and communication.","volume-title":"Interpersonal communication and older adulthood: Interdisciplinary theory and research","author":"Kemper","year":"1994"},{"key":"r26_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"107","article-title":"Speech and writing across the life-span.","volume-title":"Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues","author":"Kemper","year":"1988"},{"key":"r27_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.2.312"},{"key":"r28_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemper. Speech accommodations to dementia. 49 223 1994","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.5.P223"},{"key":"r29_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539809545020","article-title":"Using elderspeak with older adults.","volume":"25","author":"Kemper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Discourse Processes","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-853X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r30_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.2.227"},{"key":"r31_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539309544847","article-title":"Enhancing older adults' reading comprehension.","volume":"16","author":"Kemper","year":"1994","journal-title":"Discourse Processes","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-853X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r32_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9151-7_9","article-title":"Age differences in spoken language.","volume-title":"Everyday memory and aging","author":"Kemper","year":"1992"},{"key":"r33_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemper. Life-span changes to adults' language: Effects of memory and genre. 10 49 1989","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400008419"},{"key":"r34_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540010075021","article-title":"On the preservation of syntax in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from written sentences.","volume":"50","author":"Kemper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9942","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r35_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemper. Facilitating older adults' performance on a referential communication task through speech accommodations. 3 37 1996","DOI":"10.1080\/13825589608256611"},{"key":"r36_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/09541449008406205","article-title":"Telling stories: The structure of adults' narratives.","volume":"2","author":"Kemper","year":"1990","journal-title":"The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0954-1446","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r37_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90036-4"},{"key":"r38_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","unstructured":"Kleemeier. Intellectual changes in the senium. 1 290 1962"},{"key":"r39_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5309(86)90006-6","article-title":"Aging and the loss of grammatical forms: A cross-sectional study of language performance.","volume":"6","author":"Kynette","year":"1986","journal-title":"Language & Communication","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-5309","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r40_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876"},{"key":"r41_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/03610737808257123","article-title":"Effects of mild hypertension and cerebrovascular disorders on serial reaction time performance.","volume":"4","author":"Light","year":"1978","journal-title":"Experimental Aging Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0361-073X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r42_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.9.3.339"},{"key":"r43_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"SAS System for linear mixed models.","author":"Littell","year":"1996"},{"key":"r44_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","unstructured":"Lyons. Language and Alzheimer's disease: A reduction in syntactic complexity. 50 81 1994"},{"key":"r45_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRA Work Group.","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3878","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r46_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman. Adults' reading comprehension: Effects of syntactic complexity and working memory. 47 258 1992","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/47.4.P258"},{"key":"r47_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman. Syntactic complexity and adults' running memory span. 46 346 1991","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.6.P346"},{"key":"r48_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1996.0038"},{"key":"r49_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg. Indicators of linguistic competence in the peer group conversational behavior of mildly retarded adults. 8 19 1987","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400000047"},{"key":"r50_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.3.403"},{"key":"r51_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"64","article-title":"The Seattle longitudinal study: A 21-year exploration of psychometric intelligence in adulthood.","volume-title":"Longitudinal studies of adult psychological development","author":"Schaie","year":"1983"},{"key":"r52_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.8.1.44"},{"key":"r53_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1165280"},{"key":"r54_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.14.1.18"},{"key":"r55_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00040"},{"key":"r56_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60100-2_9","article-title":"Linguistic ability in early life and longevity: Findings from the Nun Study.","volume-title":"The paradoxes of longevity","author":"Snowdon","year":"1999"},{"key":"r57_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.275.7.528"},{"key":"r58_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4575.003.0005","article-title":"Analyzing children's spontaneous speech.","volume-title":"Methods for assessing children's syntax","author":"Stromswold","year":"1996"},{"key":"r59_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teri. Cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer's disease: Behavioral and health factors. 45 58 1990","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.2.P58"},{"key":"r60_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"The construction and use of a propositional text base.","author":"Turner","year":"1977"},{"key":"r61_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","article-title":"Analysis of repeated-measures designs with linear mixed models.","volume-title":"Modeling intraindividual variability with repeated measures data: Method and applications.","author":"Wallace"},{"key":"r62_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised manual.","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"r63_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","first-page":"444","article-title":"A model and a hypothesis for language structure.","volume":"104","author":"Yngve","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-049X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r64_10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.3.503"}],"container-title":["Psychology and Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/pag\/16\/4\/600.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T20:13:53Z","timestamp":1707250433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"references-count":64,"aliases":["10.1037\/\/0882-7974.16.4.600"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001]]}},"alternative-id":["2001-05536-005","11766915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1498","0882-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1498","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0882-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001]]}}}