{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:55:46Z","timestamp":1789851346201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Psychological Association (APA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Family Psychology"],"DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,19]],"date-time":"2003-06-19T20:51:15Z","timestamp":1056055875000},"page":"229-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A nightmare for King Solomon: New reproductive technologies."],"prefix":"10.1037","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lita Linzer","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"1992"},{"key":"r2_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r3_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r4_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81426-4"},{"key":"r5_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","volume-title":"The clone age: Adventures in the new world of reproductive technology.","author":"Andrews","year":"2000"},{"key":"r6_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"1996"},{"key":"r7_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Appleton. Access to justice: \"Planned Parenthood\": Adoption, assisted reproduction, and the new ideal family. 1 85 1999"},{"key":"r8_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Bauman. Discovering donors: Legal rights to access information about anonymous sperm donors given to children of artificial insemination in Johnson v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County. 31 193 2001"},{"key":"r9_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r10_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"513","article-title":"A surrogacy agreement that could have and should have been enforced: R. R. v. M. H., 689 N.E.2d 790 (Mass. 1998).","volume":"24","author":"Blomeke","year":"1999","journal-title":"University of Dayton Law Review. University of Dayton. Law School","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0162-9174","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r11_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r12_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Canedy. 2002"},{"key":"r13_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1132177"},{"key":"r14_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"497","article-title":"Gestation, intent, and the seed: Defining motherhood in the era of assisted human reproduction.","volume":"17","author":"Coleman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardozo Law Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0270-5192","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r15_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079674","article-title":"Disclosure of donor insemination: Parental attitudes.","volume":"65","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9432","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r16_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"41","article-title":"Ethical issues associated with the new reproductive technologies.","volume-title":"Infertility: Psychological issues and counseling strategies","author":"Cooper","year":"1997"},{"key":"r17_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.9.1792"},{"key":"r18_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00251-N"},{"key":"r19_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Foderaro. 2000"},{"key":"r20_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fulcher. Contact with grandparents among children conceived via donor insemination by lesbian and heterosexual mothers. Parenting 2 61 2002","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327922PAR0201_4"},{"key":"r21_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.830"},{"key":"r22_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131578"},{"key":"r23_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00299"},{"key":"r24_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00449"},{"key":"r25_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963099003959"},{"key":"r26_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Goode. 2002"},{"key":"r27_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","volume-title":"Designing babies: The brave new world of reproductive technology.","author":"Gosden","year":"1999"},{"key":"r28_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"97","article-title":"Psychological ramifications of \"surrogate\" motherhood.","volume-title":"Psychiatric aspects of reproductive technology: Issues in psychiatry","author":"Harrison","year":"1990"},{"key":"r29_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1360641700002355"},{"key":"r30_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r31_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"167","article-title":"To tell or not to tell: The issue of privacy and disclosure in infertility treatment.","volume-title":"Infertility: Psychological issues and counseling strategies","author":"Klock","year":"1997"},{"key":"r32_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krauss. 2002","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-663-11548-9_5"},{"key":"r33_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J010v28n01_05"},{"key":"r34_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"87","article-title":"Second-generation ethical issues in the new reproductive technologies: Divided loyalties, indications, and the research agenda.","volume-title":"Psychiatric aspects of reproductive technology: Issues in psychiatry","author":"Lantos","year":"1990"},{"key":"r35_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Lavoie. 2001"},{"key":"r36_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"3","article-title":"Introduction.","volume-title":"Infertility: Psychological issues and counseling strategies","author":"Leiblum","year":"1997"},{"key":"r37_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Lilith. The G. I. F. T. of two biological and legal mothers. 9 207 2001"},{"key":"r38_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"275","article-title":"Choices for a child: An ethical and legal analysis of a failed surrogate birth contract.","volume":"30","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"University of Richmond Law Review. University of Richmond","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0566-2389","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r39_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAlpin. 2001","DOI":"10.2307\/3761740"},{"key":"r40_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":""},{"key":"r41_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2033"},{"key":"r42_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"243","article-title":"Note and comment: Nobody's child: Enforcing surrogacy contracts.","volume":"20","author":"Modjtahedi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Whittier Law Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0195-7643","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r43_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowakowski. 1990","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2322203"},{"key":"r44_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Oz. Genetic mother vs. surrogate mother: Which mother does the law recognize? A comparison of Jewish law, American law, and England's law. 6 438 1995"},{"key":"r45_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2036"},{"key":"r46_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"135","article-title":"What, if anything, is wrong with baby selling?","volume":"26","author":"Radin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pacific Law Journal (Sacramento, Calif.)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0030-8757","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r47_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v13n01_12"},{"key":"r48_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/01926188708250668","article-title":"Surrogate motherhood I: Responses to infertility.","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz","year":"1987","journal-title":"The American Journal of Family Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-6187","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r49_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/01926188808250719","article-title":"Surrogate motherhood II: Reflections after \"Baby M.","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz","year":"1988","journal-title":"The American Journal of Family Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-6187","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r50_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/01926188908250753","article-title":"Surrogate motherhood III: End of a saga?","volume":"17","author":"Schwartz","year":"1989","journal-title":"The American Journal of Family Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-6187","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r51_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/01926189008250987","article-title":"Surrogate motherhood and family psychology.","volume":"18","author":"Schwartz","year":"1990","journal-title":"The American Journal of Family Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-6187","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r52_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","volume-title":"Alternatives to infertility.","author":"Schwartz","year":"1991"},{"key":"r53_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"429","article-title":"What is a family? A contemporary view. Contemporary Family Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal (Toronto, Ont.)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0020-7020","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r54_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"97","article-title":"Adoptive families: Are they non-normative?","volume-title":"Treating the changing family","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996"},{"key":"r55_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"255","article-title":"Families by choice: Adoptive and foster families.","volume-title":"Handbook of Family Development","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000a"},{"key":"r56_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","first-page":"43","article-title":"Surrogacy: Third leg of the reproductive triangle.","volume-title":"Handbook of couples and family forensics","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000b"},{"key":"r57_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","volume-title":"Complex adoption and assisted reproductive technology.","author":"Shapiro","year":"2001"},{"key":"r58_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Stolberg. 2001a"},{"key":"r59_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","unstructured":"Stolberg. 2001b"},{"key":"r60_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.24.3.271","article-title":"Ethical issues in the new reproductive technologies: Perspectives from feminism and the psychology profession.","volume":"24","author":"Tangri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Professional Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-0175","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"r61_10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verny. 1994","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-663-14521-9_2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/fam\/17\/2\/229.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T20:06:32Z","timestamp":1707249992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}},"alternative-id":["2003-05351-010","12828019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.17.2.229","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1293","0893-3200"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1293","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0893-3200","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}}}