{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:31:05Z","timestamp":1778311865311,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6712","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]],"date-time":"1998-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/25348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:39:18Z","timestamp":1027672758000},"page":"674-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":869,"title":["GABAB receptors function as a heteromeric assembly of the subunits GABABR1 and GABABR2"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"396","author":[{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Borowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joe A.","family":"Tamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wen-Jeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caryn","family":"Gunwaldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ling-Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Quanrong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Salon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Laz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelli E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dhanapalan","family":"Nagarathnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stewart A.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theresa A.","family":"Branchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Gerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF25348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.000545","volume":"33","author":"NG Bowery","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bowery, N. G. GABABreceptor pharmacology. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 33, 109\u2013147 (1993).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/386239a0","volume":"386","author":"K Kaupmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaupmann, K.et al. Expression cloning of GABABreceptors uncovers similarity to metabotropic gutamate receptors. Nature 386, 239\u2013246 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF25348_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16384","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.27.16384","volume":"271","author":"TE Hebert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hebert, T. E.et al. Apeptide derived from a beta2-adrenergic receptor transmembrane domain inhibits both receptor dimerization and activation. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16384\u201316392 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26959","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.43.26959","volume":"272","author":"S Cvejic","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cvejic, S. & Devi, L. A. Dimerization of the delta opioid receptor: implication for a role in receptor internalization. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26959\u201326964 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31055","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.49.31055","volume":"271","author":"R Maggio","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maggio, R., Barbier, P., Fornai, F. & Corsini, G. U. Functional role of the third cytoplasmic loop in muscarinic receptor dimerization. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31055\u201331060 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490420610","volume":"42","author":"F Ciruela","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ciruela, F.et al. Immunological identification of A1 adenosine receptors in brain cortex. J. Neurosci. Res. 42, 818\u2013828 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"BF25348_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28612","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.45.28612","volume":"271","author":"C Romano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Romano, C., Yang, W. L. & O'Malley, K. L. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a disulfide-linked dimer. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28612\u201318616 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90269-W","volume":"11","author":"PJ O'Hara","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Hara, P. J.et al. The ligand-binding domain in metabotropic glutamate receptors is related to bacterial periplasmic binding proteins. Neuron 11, 41\u201352 (1998).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF25348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90098-4","volume":"20","author":"NG Bowery","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bowery, N. G., Hudson, A. L. & Price, G. W. GABAAand GABABreceptor site distribution in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 20, 365\u2013383 (1987).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF25348_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb16855.x","volume":"98","author":"RA North","year":"1989","unstructured":"North, R. A. Drug receptors and the inhibition of nerve cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 98, 13\u201323 (1989).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.5.1558","volume":"82","author":"BH Gahwiler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gahwiler, B. H. & Brown, D. A. GABAB-receptor-activated K+ current in voltage-clamped CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal cultures. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1558\u20131562 (1985).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF25348_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2430334","volume":"234","author":"R Andrade","year":"1986","unstructured":"Andrade, R., Malenka, R. C. & Nicoll, R. A. AG protein couples serotonin and GABABreceptors to the same channels in hippocampus. Science 234, 1261\u20131265 (1986).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF25348_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80381-5","volume":"19","author":"C Luscher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luscher, C., Jan, L. Y., Stoffel, M., Malenka, R. C. & Nicoll, R. A. Gprotein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRKs) mediate postsynaptic but not presynaptic transmitter actions in hippocampal neurons. Neuron 19, 687\u2013697 (1997).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF25348_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10235","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10235","volume":"90","author":"N Dascal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dascal, N.et al. Atrial G protein-activated K+ channel: expression cloning and molecular properties. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10235\u201310239 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF25348_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/374135a0","volume":"374","author":"G Krapivinsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krapivinsky, G.et al. The G-protein-gated atrial K channel IKAChis a heteromultimer of two inwardly rectifying K channel proteins. Nature 374, 135\u2013141 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF25348_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/364802a0","volume":"364","author":"Y Kubo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kubo, Y., Reuveney, E., Slesinger, P. A., Jan, Y. N. & Jan, L. Y. Primary structure and functional expression of a rat G-protein-coupled muscarinic potassium channel. Nature 364, 802\u2013806 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF25348_CR17","first-page":"954","volume":"23","author":"K Kaupmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaupmann, K.et al. Structure, pharmacology and chromosomal localization of GABA-B receptors. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23, 954 (1997).","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"BF25348_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.9780","volume":"91","author":"E Habert-Ortoli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Habert-Ortoli, E., Amiranoff, B., Loquet, I., Laburthe, M. & Mayaux, J. F. Molecular cloning of a functional human galanin receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 9780\u20139783 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF25348_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15493.x","volume":"118","author":"C Bon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bon, C. & Galvan, M. Electrophysiological actions of GABABagonists and antagonists in rat dorso-lateral septal neurones in vitro. Br. J. Pharmacol. 118, 961\u2013967 (1996).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14186.x","volume":"101","author":"GR Seabrook","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seabrook, G. R., Howson, W. & Lacey, M. G. Electrophysiological characterization of potent agonists and antagonists at pre- and postsynaptic GABABreceptors on neurones in rat brain slices. Br. J. Pharmacol. 101, 949\u2013957 (1990).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90836-7","volume":"235","author":"F Brugger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brugger, F., Wicki, U., Olpe, H. R., Froestl, W. & Mickel, S. The action of new potent GABABreceptor angtagonists in the hemisected spinal cord preparation of the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 235, 153\u2013155 (1993).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.1.156","volume":"80","author":"S Avissar","year":"1983","unstructured":"Avissar, S., Amitai, G. & Sokolovsky, M. Oligomeric structure of muscarinic receptors is shown by photoaffinity labeling: subunit assembly may explain high- and low-affinity agonist states. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 156\u2013159 (1983).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF25348_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22488","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.38.22488","volume":"270","author":"KA Wreggett","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wreggett, K. A. & Wells, J. W. Cooperativity manifest in the binding properties of purified cardiac muscarinic receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22488\u201322499 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/30666","volume":"393","author":"LM McLatchie","year":"1998","unstructured":"McLatchie, L. M.et al. RAMPs regulate the transport and ligand specificity of the calcitonin-receptor-like receptor. Nature 393, 333\u2013339 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF25348_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29229","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.46.29229","volume":"272","author":"EA Nimchinsky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nimchinsky, E. A., Hof, P. R., Janssen, W. G. M., Morrison, J. H. & Schmauss, C. Expression of dopamine D3 receptor dimers and tetramers in brain and in transfected cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29229\u201329237 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF25348_CR26","first-page":"23321","volume":"273","author":"KE Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith, K. E.et al. Cloned human and rat galanin GALR3 receptors: pharmacology and activation of G-protein inwardly rectifying K+ channels. J. Cell Biol. 273, 23321\u201323326 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF25348_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00101-W","volume":"33","author":"MM Durkin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Durkin, M. M.et al. Localization of messenger RNAs encoding three GABA transporters in rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 33, 7\u201321 (1995).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF25348_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-185287-0.50020-X","volume":"19","author":"MW Quick","year":"1994","unstructured":"Quick, M. W. & Lester, H. A. Methods for expression of excitability proteins in Xenopus oocytes. Methods Neurosci. 19, 261\u2013279 (1994).","journal-title":"Methods Neurosci."},{"key":"BF25348_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-9471(05)80041-2","volume":"25","author":"JA Salon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salon, J. A. & Owicki, J. C. Real-time measurements of receptor activity: applications of microphysiometric techniques to receptor biology. Methods Neurosci. 25, 201\u2013233 (1995).","journal-title":"Methods Neurosci."},{"key":"BF25348_CR30","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Centrifugation (The Practical Approach Series)","author":"J Graham","year":"1984","unstructured":"Graham, J. in Centrifugation (The Practical Approach Series) (ed. Rickwood, D.) 161\u2013182 (IRL, Oxford, 1984)."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/25348.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/25348","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/25348.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T07:34:31Z","timestamp":1684222471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/25348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6712","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF25348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/25348","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}